Pme 2360, Notas de estudo de Mecatrônica

Baixe Pme 2360 e outras Notas de estudo em PDF para Mecatrônica, somente na Docsity! ANSWERS TO END-OF-CHAPTER PROBLEMS Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer (5th Edition) Introduction to Heat Transfer (4 th Edition) F.P. Incropera And D.P. DeWitt CHAPTER 1 1.1 378°C 1.3 4312 W, $4.14/d 1.4 0.10 W/m⋅K 1.5 8400W 1.6 19,600 W, 120 W 1.7 54 mm 1.8 16.6 W/m 2 , 35.9 W 1.9 375 mm 1.10 110.40°C, 110.25°C 1.11 1.1°C 1.12 (a) 9800 W/m 2 1.13 (a) 1400 W/m 2 ; (b) 18,000 W/m 2 1.14 (a) 22.0 W/m 2⋅K; (b) 22.12, 0.6 1.15 4570 W/m 2⋅K, 65 W/m2⋅K 1.16 51.8°C, 3200°C 1.17 6.3 m/s 1.18 0.35 W, 5.25 W 1.19 2.94 W 1.21 15 mW 1.22 6.4 W/m 2⋅K 1.23 102.5°C 1.25 254.7 K 1.27 726 W, 547 W 1.28 (a) 18,400 W; (b) $6450 1.30 3.5% 1.31 (a) 0.223 W; (b) 3.44 W 1.32 (a) 8.1 W; (b) 0.23 kg/h 1.33 100°C 1.34 (a) 0, 144 W, 144 W, 0; 0, 0, 144 W, -144 W; (b) 2.04 × 105 W/m3; (c) 39.0 W/m2⋅K 1.35 (a) 0.052°C/s; (b) 48.4°C 1.36 364 K, 380 K 1.37 6380 kWh, $510 or $170 1.38 (a) 4180 s; (b) 319 K, 359 K; (c) 830 K 1.39 (a) 0.0181 m 3 /s, 4.7 m/s 1.40 840 kW 1.41 (a) 32.5 kW/m 2 , 126 kW/m 2 , 17.6 K/s, 68.4 K/s 1.43 (a) 104 K/s; (b) 1251 K 1.46 (a) 1950 A 1.47 132 J/kg⋅K 1.48 (a) –0.089 K/s; (b) 439 K 1.49 (a) 1.41 × 10-3 kg/s 1.50 3.2 h 1.51 (a) 60.6 × 10-3 kg/s⋅m2, 121 g/m2; (b) 32.3 × 10-3 kg/s⋅m2 1.53 49°C 1.54 (a) 7.13 × 10-3 m3/s; (b) 70°C 1.55 (a) 86.7°C; (b) 47°C 1.56 (a) 79.1 K; (b) 457 mW 1.59 37.9°C 1.60 (a) 600 K 1.61 375 W/m 2⋅K 1.62 (a) 5500 W/m 2 ; (b) 87.8°C 1.63 (a) 5268 W; (b) 41°C 1.65 345°C 1.66 (a) 84°C 1.67 214 K, 20.0 mW 1.68 (a) 190.6 W 1.69 (a) 153°C 1.70 (a) 386 W/m 2 ; (b) 27.7°C; (c) 55% 1.71 (a) 47.0°C or 39.9°C CHAPTER 2 2.7 (a) 200 K/m, -5000 W/m2; (b) 225°C, 6250 W/m2; (c) -20°C, -5000 W/m2; (d) -85°C, -160 K/m; (e) -30°C, 120 K/m 2.8 (a) –280 K/m, 14.0 kW/m 2 ; (b) 80 K/m, -4.0 kW/m 2 ; (c) 110°C, -8.0 kW/m2; (d) 60°C, 4.0 kW/m 2 ; (e) -20°C, -10.0 kW/m2 2.9 (a) 2000 K/m, -200 kW/m 2 ; (b) –2000 K/m, 200 kW/m 2 ; (c) 2000 K/m, -200 kW/m 2 2.11 0, 60 K/m 2.12 100°C, 18.75 W; -40°C, 16.25 W 2.14 (a) 197 W; (b) 87 W; (c) 8.0 W; (d) 7.3 W; (e) 0.093 W; (f) 0.026 W; (g) 0.69 W 2.15 (a) 593 kW/m 2 ; (b) 151 kW/m 2 ; (c) 33.5 kW/m 2 ; (d) 9.95 kW/m 2 ; (e) 0.88 kW/m 2 ; (f) 3.5 kW/m 2 2.17 (a) 15.0 W/m⋅K, 400 K; (b) 70.0 W/m⋅K, 380 K 2.18 (a) 51.9 W/m⋅K, 350 K 2.19 765 J/kg⋅K, 36.0 W/m⋅K 2.22 (a) 0, 0.98 × 105 W/m; (b) 56.8 K/s 2.23 (a) 2 × 105 W/m3; (b) 0, 10,000 W/m2 2.24 (a) 200 W/m 2 , 182 W/m 2 , 18 W/m 2 ; (b) 4.3 W/m 2⋅K 2.25 (b) 2 × 105 W/m3; (c) –2950 W/m2, 5050 W/m2; (d) 51 W/m2⋅K, 101 W/m2⋅K; (f) –2 × 105 W/m 3 ; (g) 20°C, 4.94 × 106 J/m2 2.26 (a) 10 6 W/m 3 ; (b) 120°C, 104 K/m, -105 K/m2; (c) 220°C, 104 K/m, -105 K/m2; (d) 220°C, 2 × 10 4 K/m, -2 × 105 K/m2 2.40 (a) 0.20 m; (b) 0; (c) –144,765 W; (d) 72,380 W, -72,380 W 2.41 (d) 133°C, 122°C, 133.1°C 2.43 (d) 52.5°C 3.124 121 W 3.125 (a) 0.37 W; (b) 1.04 × 105 W 3.127 17.5 W/m⋅K 3.129 56.6 W/m⋅K 3.130 (b) 5995 W, 4278 W 3.131 (a) 2.44 × 10-3 K/W 3.132 (a) 31.8 W 3.133 (a) 152 W 3.134 (b) 50.9 W 3.136 (a) 276 W 3.138 (a) 26.9 W, 21.4 W; (b) 26.9 W 3.140 (b) 2830 W/m 3.141 1315% 3.142 Rectangular profile: 0.79, 6.1, 218 W/m Triangular profile: 0.78, 5.2, 187 W/m 3.143 (a) 0.99, 6.0; (b) 110.8 W/m 3.144 (a) 12.8 W; (b) 2.91 kW/m 3.145 (a) 0.97, 11.1; (b) 6.82 kW/m 3.146 18.2 W, 24.4 W 3.147 394 K, 383 K, 381 K 403 K, 392 K, 382 K, 381 K 3.148 39,300 W/m, 405 K, 393 K, 384 K, 382 K 3.150 4025 W/m 3.151 3857 W/m, 3922 W/m, 5799 W/m, 3591 W/m CHAPTER 4 4.2 94.5°C 4.3 5.6 kW/m 4.5 2.83l , 7.34 kW/m 4.6 4.26 ,l 245 W/m 4.7 (a) 50°C; (b) 0.53 ,l 3975 W/m; (d) 1.70 ,l 12,750 W/m 4.8 2.34l 4.9 2.58 ,l 11,600 W/m; 1.55 ,l 6975 W/m 4.10 (a) 7.8 kW/m; (b) 0.24 m 4.11 4 ,l 45.6 kW/m; 3.5 ,l 39.9 kW/m 4.12 700 W/m, 900 W/m 4.14 92.7°C 4.15 84 W/m 4.16 9.9 W/m 4.17 94.9°C 4.18 110 W/m 4.19 (a) 6.72 L, 612 W/m; (b) 1.5 L 4.20 1122 W/m 4.21 12.5 W/m, 11.3 W/m 4.22 5.30 kW 4.23 316 kW 4.24 (a) 1.62 kW/m; (b) 93°C 4.25 (a) 0.1°C 4.26 3.62 kW, 254°C, 251°C 4.27 (a) 4.46 W, 98.2°C; 3.26 W, 78.4°C; (b) 4.09 W, 92.1°C; 3.05 W, 75.1°C 4.28 (a) 1.1°C 4.29 (b) 88.6 W 4.30 (a) 57°C; (b) 238 W 4.31 156.3 W, 81.3°C 4.32 (a) 745 W/m; (b) 3.54 kg/s 4.33 (a) 74.6 kW/m; (b) 2.38 × 108 W/m3, 315°C 4.34 0.70 W 4.45 6710 W/m 4.46 (b) 156 W/m 4.47 (a) 362.4 K, 390.2 K, 369.0 K; (b) 7500 W/m 4.48 (a) 122.0°C, 94.5°C, 95.8°C, 79.7°C; (b) 1117 W/m; (c) –1383 W/m 4.49 (a) T1 = 46.6°C, T2 = 45.7°C, T3 = 45.4°C, T4 = 49.2°C, T5 = 48.5°C, T6 = 48.0°C, T7 = 47.9°C, 10,340 W/m 4.50 (a) T1 = 160.7°C, T2 = 95.6°C, T3 = 48.7°C; (b) 743 W/m 4.51 (a) 1.473 W/m; (b) T3 = 89.2°C 4.52 (a) 205.0 W/m; (b) 156.3 W/m 4.53 (a) 118.8°C, 156.3°C, 168.8°C, 206.3°C, 162.5°C; (b) 117.4°C, 156.1°C, 168.9°C, 207.6°C, 162.5°C 4.54 (a) 272.2°C, 952 W/m; (b) 271.0°C, 834 W/m 4.55 (a) 348.6 K, 368.9 K, 374.6 K, 362.4 K, 390.2 K, 398.0 K; (b) 1.53 × 108 W/m3 4.56 3.00 kW/m 4.57 (a) 1.57 kW/m; (b) 1.52 kW/m 4.58 456 W/m 4.60 1487 W/m 4.61 (a) 7.72 kW/m; (b) 7.61 kW/m 4.62 94.0°C 4.63 1477 W/m 4.64 (a) 100 W/m, 1 4.66 (a) 1010 W/m, 100°C, 1; (b) 805 W/m, 100°C 4.67 (b) 128 W/m 4.68 (b) 1.48 × 108 W/m3 4.69 (b) 1135 W/m, (c) –1365 W/m 4.71 (a) 2939 W/m 2 4.72 (b) 1205 W/m 4.73 1.604 W 4.75 (c) 25.0 W/m 4.77 (a) 3.03 × 10-3 m⋅K/W; (b) 2.38 × 10-3 m⋅K/W; (c) 3.64 × 10-3 m⋅K/W 4.79 (a) 878 W/m, 5.69 × 10-2 m⋅K/W, 220 W 4.80 (a) 131 W/m; (b) 129 W/m 4.81 (a) 1683 W/m 4.82 (a) 52.6 kW/m 2 4.84 (b) 2.43 × 107 W/m3; (c) 47.5°C, 0.45 CHAPTER 5 5.5 1122 s 5.6 35.3 W/m 2⋅K 5.7 7.04 h 5.8 168 s 5.9 859 s 5.10 968 s, 456°C 5.11 984 s, 272.5°C 5.12 0.0041 m 2⋅K/W 5.13 (a) 84.1°C, 83.0°C 5.14 21.8 m 5.15 1.08 h, 1220 K 5.16 (a) 209 s, 105 m; (b) 1.03 m/s, 1.69 m/s 5.17 88.7°C, 8.31 s 5.18 (b) 825 s, 127°C 5.19 (b) 63.8°C 5.20 3.54 m 5.21 (d) 1.04 h, 0.826 h, 0.444 h 5.22 2.52 m, 0.022 J 5.23 (a) 1190 s, 199 s; (b) 24.1 s; (c) 21.0 s 5.24 (a) 1 ms 5.25 1.56 × 10-4 s, 2.28 × 10-5 s 5.26 80°C, 38.3 s 5.27 45.7°C, 13.0 s 5.28 (a) 25.8 s, 9.5 s, 616 s; 118.9 s, 43.8 s, 2840 s; 40 s; (b) 29.5 s, 11.0 s, 708 s 5.29 (a) 98.1°C; (b) 1.67 h 5.31 960 s 5.32 (a) 56.3 min 5.33 1170 s, 537°C, 410°C 5.34 861 s 5.35 (a) 45.4°C, 43.1°C, -7305 W/m2, - 2.72 × 107 J/m; (b) 4.4 min 5.36 (a) 33,800 s 5.37 491 s 5.38 (a) 164 s, 367 s 5.39 (a) 10.9 s 5.40 (a) 63 s; (b) –2.36 × 104°C/m 5.41 (a) 1100 s 5.42 0.613 W/m⋅K, 2.73 × 106 J/m3⋅K 5.43 (a) 46.5 min; (b) 1.90 × 107 J/m2 5.44 96 W/m 2⋅K 5.45 63.8 s, 51.8°C 5.46 0.0073 m/s 5.47 7.6 min 5.48 (a) 486 K 5.49 (a) 145 s 5.50 (a) 194 s 5.51 515 K 5.52 (a) 3507 s; (b) 49°C 5.53 254°C 5.54 36 min, 7.08 kW 5.55 579 s 5.58 3.4 s 5.59 199°C 5.60 150 s, 33 mm/s 5.61 (a) 41 s, 115°C; (b) 40 kW 5.62 12 s, -1.0°C, -3.4 J 5.63 (b) 74 s; (c) 7125 W/m 2 ; (d) 3691 J; (e) 440 K 5.64 (b) 1.8 min, (c) 3257 J 6.75 (a) 22.7 W/m 2⋅K, 454 W; (b) 2.12 × 10-2 m/s, 3.32 kg/h; (c) 2685 W 6.76 (a) 0.172 m/s, 65.3 s; (b) 173 W/m 2⋅K, 77,500 W/m2; (c) 429°C 6.77 (a) 6.71 × 10-3 m/s; (b) 8.97 W/m2⋅K 6.78 (a) 0.0113 m/s; (b) 90 J 6.79 (b) –0.32 K/s CHAPTER 7 7.1 (a) 3.99 mm, 4.48 mm; 0.93 mm, 0.52 mm; 23.5 mm, 1.27 mm; 0.34 mm, 1.17 mm 7.2 (a) 0.147 m, 0.0143 m; (b) –1300 W/m 2 , 0.0842 N/m 2 ; (c) 0.337 N/m, -5200 W/m 7.3 (a) 0.126 mm, 0.399 mm, 1.262 mm, 141 mm; 6.07 N/m 2 , 1.92 N/m 2 , 0.61 N/m 2 , 0.528 m/s, 0.167 m/s, 0.053 m/s 7.8 (a) 8.71 × 105 W/m3; (b) 158.4°C 7.9 (a) 51.1 W, 12.2 W, 8.3 W 7.10 13,600 W/m, 9800 W/m, 5600 W/m 7.12 (c) 4100 W/m 2⋅K, 4500 W/m2⋅K, 5100 W/m2⋅K 7.13 3.2 × 105, 1.5 × 106 7.14 (a) 55.0 kW/m; (b) 31.1 kW/m; (c) 90.7 kW/m 7.15 17.6 W, 143.6 W 7.16 (a) 5830 W/m 7.17 29°C 7.18 (a) 29.2°C 7.19 (a) 266 K 7.20 (a) 33.8°C, 797 W; (b) 675 W; (c) 90.6 kW 7.21 1570 W 7.22 (a) 49.4 W; (b) 22.7°C 7.23 (a) 8.7 W/m 2⋅K, 14.5 W/m2⋅K, 11.1 W/m2⋅K 7.24 (b) ±4% 7.25 6780 W, -0.26°C/s 7.26 (b) 213°C 7.27 (b) 256°C; (c) 210°C 7.28 –0.99 K/s, -1.47 K/s, 1.91 m 7.29 (a) 58°C 7.30 39.5°C 7.31 (a) 2137 W; (b) 16.5 kW 7.32 (a) 27°C; (b) 77°C 7.33 (a) 64°C; (c) 6.6 m/s 7.34 42.5°C 7.35 (a) 98.3°C, 17.1 W/m2⋅K; (b) 86.1°C 7.36 (a) ∞, 2.61 W/m2⋅K; ∞, 2.74 W/m2⋅K; (b) 4.22 W/m2⋅K, 5.41 W/m2⋅K 7.37 (a) 55 W; (b) 39 W 7.38 0.30 W, 0.81 W 7.39 0.66 W, 0.60 W 7.40 (a) 30.8 W/m 2⋅K, 56.7 W/m2⋅K; (b) 0.633, 0.555 7.41 (a) 71.1 W/m, 20.4 kW/m, 1640 W/m 7.42 3.24 N/m, 520 W/m 7.43 (a) 603 K; (b) 200 s 7.44 (a) 562 K; (b) 155 s 7.45 70.4 W 7.46 (a) 2.20 W; (b) 37.4 mm; (c) 89.6; (d) 435% 7.47 (a) 235 W/m 2⋅K; (b) 0.87 W; (c) 1.02 W 7.48 (a) 1012°C, 1014°C 7.49 (b) 97 m/s 7.50 (b) 195 mA 7.52 (a) 27.6°C; (b) 27.6°C 7.53 (a) 45.8°C; (b) 68.3°C 7.54 76.6°C, 35 W 7.55 (a) $0.415/m⋅d; (b) $0.363/m⋅d 7.56 (a) 3640 W/m 7.57 1990 W 7.58 452.2 K 7.59 (b) 18.7 mm 7.61 (a) 0.20 m/s; (b) 2.80 × 104 W/m2, 52% 7.62 (a) 15.2 s 7.63 (b) 340°C; (c) 309°C 7.65 1.64 N, 1020 W 7.66 (a) 0.011 N; (b) 3.14 W 7.67 (a) 0.489 N, 510 W; (b) 0.452 × 10-3 N, 1.59 W 7.68 10.3 W 7.69 (a) 67 s; (b) 48 s 7.70 (a) 18.7°C; (b) 672°C 7.71 35 m 7.72 (a) 737°C; (b) 230 s 7.73 2.1 m/s, 1.6 m 7.74 1.1 m/s, 10.3 m 7.75 (a) 0.0011 s, 166.7 m/s; (b) 7.8 × 10-4 s 7.76 180 mm 7.77 (a) 13.3 m/s; (b) 7 s 7.78 (a) 6.83 s; (b) 936 K 7.79 (b) 337°C 7.80 726 K, 735 K 7.81 (a) 92.2 W; (b) 1.76 × 108 W/m3, 1422 K; (c) 1789 K 7.82 (a) 20.4; (b) 45.8°C 7.83 234 W/m 2⋅K, 0.0149 bar, 28.4 kW/m 7.84 58.5 kW, 5.9 × 10-3 bar 7.85 16, 684 N/m 2 7.86 –532 kW/m 7.87 (a) 7670 W, 47.6°C; (b) 195 N/m2, 56 W 7.88 39°C, 0.00993 bar, 6.26 kW 7.89 (a) 435 W/m 2⋅K; (b) 321 K, 2453 W 7.91 (a) 363 K; (b) 355 kW, 0.163 kg/s 7.92 1.68 W 7.93 1.45 K/s 7.94 (c) 0.179 kg/s 7.96 11,600 W, 140 W 7.97 (a) 903 W/m 2⋅K; (b) 31.9°C 7.98 2445 s 7.99 65.7 kW 7.100 (a) 700 K; (b) 838 K 7.101 (a) 10.5°C, 0.0134 kg/s 7.102 (a) 41.2°C, 0.0154 kg/s 7.103 0.0728 m/s, 0.0028 kg/s 7.104 (a) 9.29 × 10-4 kg/s⋅m, 2265 W/m 7.105 5.93 kW 7.106 (a) 0.0137 kg/s⋅m 7.107 3.57 W 7.108 (a) 4.48 × 10-3 kg/s⋅m2; (b) 11,800 W/m2; (c) 9.95 × 10-4 kg/s⋅m 7.109 (a) 9.5 × 10-4 kg/s, 9.5 × 10-4 kg/s, 9.3 × 10-4 kg/s; (b) 334.7 K, 332.8 K, 327.1 K 7.111 (a) 0.123 kg/h, 44.9 W; (b) 52.3°C 7.112 (b) 2.12 × 10-4 kg/s⋅m2 7.113 28.6 min 7.114 337 W/m, 483 W/m, 589 W/m 7.115 (b) 5.35 × 10-4 kg/s⋅m; (c) 1.275 kW/m 7.116 2.73 × 106 kg/day 7.117 2775 W, -0.13°C/s 7.118 0.0016 kg/s⋅m2 7.119 (a) 4.81 × 10-4 kg/s⋅m2, 1268 W/m2 7.120 (a) 20.3 kg/h; (b) 102 days 7.121 (a) 4.76 × 10-2 m/s 7.122 (a) 2.31 × 10-4 kg/s⋅m 7.123 (a) 0.30 kg/h⋅m, 110 W/m; (b) 52.3°C 7.125 (a) 485 W; (b) 3135 W 7.127 (a) 9424 W/m, 0.0036 kg/s⋅m 7.128 45.6°C, 0.21 7.129 1.82 × 10-7 kg/s, -8.9 K/s 7.130 159 s 7.131 3.60 × 10-8 kg/s 7.132 278 K 7.133 9.43 × 10-8 kg/s 7.134 9.06 × 10-8 kg/s 7.135 1.12 × 10-8 kg/s, 2.3 K 7.136 (a) 1.83; (b) 28.0°C, 0.00129 7.137 0.0016 kg/s⋅m2 CHAPTER 8 8.1 0.041 m/s, -0.86 × 10-5 bar/m 8.2 0.0215 bar 8.3 (a) 0.289 bar, 1.42 kW; (b) 0.419 bar, 2.06 kW 8.5 (a) 53.8 bar, 146 W 8.6 (c) 96; (d) 1.06 m/s, 667 8.7 1.82 m, 1.06 m, 0.035 m; 2.8 × 10-4 m, 0.18 m, 1.4 m 8.8 367 K 8.9 0.50 m/s, 20.0°C 8.10 (a) 39.4°C; (b) 37°C 8.11 (b) 44.2°C 8.15 (b) 60.8°C 8.16 (a) 471 W, 113.5°C, 60°C, 153.5°C; (b) 353 W, 90.2°C, 20°C, 150.2°C 9.13 11.7 W 9.14 (b) –0.099 K/s 9.15 6.5 W/m 2⋅K 9.17 153 W 9.18 (b) 223 W, $0.43/day 9.19 273.8 K, 174.8 W 9.20 274.4 K, 273.2 K, 168.8 W 9.21 (a) 4010 W; (b) 2365 s 9.22 (a) 347 W/m 2⋅K 9.23 740 W 9.24 –0.136 K/s 9.25 (a) 118 kW/m 3 9.26 24.8 W/m 2 9.27 74°C, 68°C 9.28 (a) 35.8°C; (b) 28.8°C; (c) 68.8°C, 49.5°C 9.29 (a) 94.3 W 9.30 (a) 74.9°C, 1225 W; (b) 71.4°C, 1262 W 9.31 (a) 2.13 × 106 W, 92% 9.33 (a) 104 W; (b) 515 W 9.34 85 W/m 9.35 (a) 19.3°C, 19.3°C, 20.1°C; 21.6 W/m, 27.0 W/m, 26.2 W/m 9.36 468 W 9.37 (a) 238 W/m 9.38 0.560 W/m⋅K, 0.815 9.39 (a) 7.46 W/m 2⋅K; (b) 8.49 W/m2⋅K, 264 K 9.40 90.2 W 9.41 442 W 9.42 45.3°C, 1007 W 9.43 (a) 2.91 × 105 W; (b) 8.53 × 104 W, 1463 K; (c) 0.13 m 9.45 (a) 250 W; (b) 181 s 9.46 (a) 42.9 min; (b) 11.0 min 9.47 (a) 4.0 W/m 2⋅K; (b) 3.2 W/m2⋅K; (d) 45.7°C, 34.0°C 9.48 (a) 18.9 W; (b) 174°C 9.49 (a) 3.71 W/m 2⋅K, 44.5 W/m; (b) 4.50 W/m2⋅K, 54.0 W; (c) 4.19 W/m2⋅K, 50.3 W/m 9.50 (a) 92.7; (b) 85.2; (c) 83.2 9.51 21.6 kW 9.52 57°C 9.53 780 W/m 9.54 698 W/m 9.57 56.8°C, 1335 W, 7.27 h 9.58 (a) 929 W/m; (b) 2058 W/m; (c) 187 W/m 9.59 103 W/m 9.60 (a) 50.8 W/m, 0.953; (b) 56.9 W/m 9.61 79°C 9.62 64.8°C 9.63 (b) 8 W/m 2⋅K, 30.2 W/m 9.64 (a) 2.04 W; (b) 1.97 W 9.65 $0.265/m⋅d 9.67 581°C, 183 s 9.69 (a) 207 W/m 2⋅K; (b) 387 W/m2⋅K 9.70 (b) ~1.1 h 9.71 (a) 9.84 W/m 2⋅K; (b) 32.1 W/m2⋅K; (c) 221 s; (d) 245 s 9.72 (a) 163 W/m, 41.7°C; (b) 60.8°C, 12.5°C, 52.8 W/m 9.73 (a) 12.5 m, ~20; (b) ~±1% 9.74 (a) 33.3 kW; (b) ~855 s, 9.07 kg 9.75 (a) 13.6 W/m 2⋅K, 4.7 W/m2⋅K, 70.2°C, 20.5 9.78 1.55 W, 187 W, 57.0 W 9.79 8.62 W 9.80 (a) 10.2 W/m 2⋅K, 1210 W/m2⋅K 9.82 7.12 mm, 63.1 W 9.83 91.8 W 9.84 (a) 10.4 W; (b) 9.03 mm, 14.0 W 9.85 (a) 28.8 W 9.86 8.13 mm, 19, 677 W 9.87 (a) 18.0 W; (b) 19.6 mm 9.88 26.3 kW/m 9.89 7 mm 9.90 61 W 9.91 84 W/m 2 9.92 134 W, 171 W 9.93 123 W/m 2 , 146 W/m 2 , 26 W/m 2 9.94 (a) 1.57 9.96 (a) 9.1°C, -9.6°C, 35.7 W 9.97 (a) 74%, 35.4°C 9.98 10.4 W, 134°C 9.99 128 W/m 2 , 123 W/m 2 9.100 (a) 466 W 9.101 (a) 44.9 W/m; (b) 46.8 W/m 9.102 43.4 W/m 9.103 2.75 kW/m 9.104 463 W/m 9.105 0.022 kg/s 9.106 64.0 W 9.108 2.0 m/s 9.109 (a) 54.6 W/m; (b) 72.3 W/m; (c) 70.7 W/m; (d) 235 W/m 9.111 72.3 kW/m 9.112 43.9 W, 47.9 W 9.113 6.2 × 10-5 kg/s⋅m 9.114 32.5 g/h, 26.2 W 9.115 (a) 9.18 W; (b) 4.9 × 105; (c) 4.25 W/m2⋅K; (d) 0.0040 m/s, 1.45 kg/day, 40.5 W; (e) 59 W CHAPTER 10 10.2 4640 W/m 2 , 8500 W/m 2 , 40,000 W/m 2⋅K 10.3 (c) 0.032 mm 10.4 38,600 W/m 2⋅K, 0.017 10.5 13,690 W/m 2⋅K 10.6 30,790 W/m 2 10.7 73 kW/m 2 , 232 kW/m 2 ; 105 kW/m 2 , 439 kW/m 2 10.8 (b) 89°C 10.9 1.34 MW/m 2 , 0.512 MW/m 2 , 0.241 MW/m 2 , 1.26 MW/m 2 10.10 8.16 kW, 13 kg/h, 0.367, 30°C 10.11 (a) 110°C, 4.6 × 109 W/m2; (b) 109°C 10.12 (a) 2.9 W, 68°C 10.13 559 W, 6.89 × 10-4 kg/s, 0.026 10.14 ≈9, 119°C 10.15 152.6°C, 166.7°C 10.16 175 A 10.17 4.70 MW/m 2 , 23.8 MW/m 2 10.19 (b) 7.5 mm 10.20 1.56 MW/m 2 , 1.19 MW/m 2 10.21 0.81 MW/m 2 10.23 (a) 73.8°C, 82°C; (b) 1.13 × 105 W/m2 10.24 (a) 0.013; (b) 144.6°C, 182.1°C 10.26 (a) 876 W/m 2⋅K, 0.014; (b) 333°C 10.27 3.20 kW 10.28 (a) 6.09 kW/m 10.29 6.62 kW/m 10.30 (a) 2470 W/m, 3.94 kg/h⋅m; (b) 110.5°C, 3.94 kg/h⋅m 10.31 (a) 6840 W; (b) 753 K 10.32 0.475 MW/m 10.33 (a) 0.924 MW/m 2 10.34 5.27 × 105 W/m2 10.35 (a) 0.76 s; (b) 13.5 s 10.37 68.0 kW/m 10.38 26.2 kW/m 10.39 6.37 × 104 W/m 10.40 1.11 × 10-3 kg/s 10.41 6.57 mm, 1.31 × 10-3 kg; 5.1 × 10-2 kg 10.42 16.0 kW, 7.05 × 10-3 kg/s 10.43 40.3 kW, 17.7 × 10-3 kg/s 10.44 0.957 kg/s 10.45 (a) 78°C 10.46 (a) 1.07 MW, 0.444 kg/s; (b) 0.98 MW, 0.407 kg/s 10.47 2.21 kW, 2.44 × 10-3 kg/s 10.48 (a) 649 kW/m; 0.272 kg/s⋅m 10.50 4.8 MW/m, 1.93 kg/s⋅m 10.51 (a) 48.6°C, 4270 W/m, 0.0018 kg/s⋅m 1053 19.1 kW, 8.39 × 10-3 kg/s 10.54 4.28 × 10-3 kg/s⋅m 10.55 28.3 kW/m, 1.16 × 10-2 kg/s⋅m 10.56 (a) 144 mm 10.57 230 K 10.58 0.0056 kg/s, 0.0044 kg/s 10.59 (a) 459 kg/h⋅m 10.60 22,200 W/m 2⋅K, 12,900 W/m2⋅K 10.61 (a) 0.0118 kg/s, 7.98 × 10-3 kg/s; (b) 50.6°C, 55.4°C; (c) 6.23 m CHAPTER 12 12.1 12.1 W/m 2 , 28.0 W/m 2 , 19.8 W/m 2 12.2 (a) 1.38 × 10-3 W; (b) 2.76 W/m2 12.3 8 × 10-6 J 12.4 (a) 193 mm; (b) 940 W/m 2 12.5 (a) 60 mW; (b) 95.5 W/m 2⋅sr; (c) 47.8 µW 12.6 1086 W/m 2 12.7 (a) 1446 W/m 2 12.8 167.6 W/m 2 12.9 0.25 12.10 (a) 2000 W/m 2 ; (b) 637 W/m 2⋅sr; (c) 0.50 12.11 (a) 0.10 W; (b) 1273 W/m 2⋅sr; (d) 0.10 W; (e) 3.6 × 10-7 W, 90 mW/m2; (f) 5.09 × 10-7 W, 127 mW/m 2 ; 63.7 mW/m 2 12.13 (a) 0.393 m 12.14 (a) 133 W, 76 W, 232 W, 5.54 µm 12.15 7348 W/m 2 12.16 498 K 12.17 279 K 12.18 (a) 6.3 × 107 W/m2; (b) 5774 K; (c) 0.50 µm; (d) 278 K 12.19 (a) 6.74 × 10-5 sr; (b) 2.0 × 107 W/m2⋅sr 12.20 0.50 µm, 1.16 µm, 1.93 µm, 9.50 µm, 48.3 µm; 0.125, 0.366, 0.509 12.21 (a) 0.226, 0.044; (b) 0.50 µm, 1.0 µm 12.22 (a) 5.6% 12.23 0.367 12.24 (a) 0.0136, 0.376; 0.359, 0.132 12.25 (a) 9.84 kW/m 2 , (b) 6.24 kW/m 2 12.26 278.4 W 12.28 (b) 0.90 K, 7.1 K 12.29 (a) 0.352; (b) –1977 K/s 12.30 (a) 0.249; (b) 0.358 12.32 (a) 0.25, 2.27 × 105 W/m2 12.33 (b) 0.31, 0.38 12.34 0.636, 76.9 kW/m 2 12.35 1.45 12.38 0.80 12.39 (c) 995.3 K 12.40 (a) 3.3%, 5.5%; (b) 10% 12.41 0.373, -5.78 K/s, 311 s 12.42 34.7 kW/m 2 12.43 (b) 7500 W/m 2 ; (c) 2250 W/m 2 ; (d) 0.30 12.44 (a) 0.50, 0.60; (b) 3.62 × 105 W/m2, 5.44 × 105 W/m2; (c) 0.126 W/m2⋅µm; (d) 10.3 µm 12.45 (a) 0.383; (b) 0.958, 0.240 12.46 515 W/m 2 , 1306 W/m 2 , 1991 W/m 2 , 3164 W 12.47 2.51 × 10-6 W 12.48 1480 µW 12.49 0.774, 0.1 12.50 0.45, 0.56, -22,750 W/m 2 12.51 0.311, 74,750 W/m 2 , -60,750 W/m 2 12.52 348 K 12.53 (a) 0.669; (b) 0.745; (c) 111 kW/m 2 ; (d) 176 kW/m 2 12.54 1.76 × 10-4 W, 0.384 × 10-4 W 12.55 (a) 147 mm 12.56 0.839, 0.568; 0.329, 0.217 12.57 (b) 8.88 W, 78.2 W 12.59 (b) 0.599, 0.086, 0.315; (c) 1; (d) –615 W/m 2 12.60 0.85, 0.85, 3.9 × 106 W/m2, 4.6 × 106 W/m2, 4.6 × 106 W/m2; 0.297, 0.106, 137 W/m2, 4.6 × 10 6 W/m 2 , 1.38 × 106 W/m2 12.62 0, 0.5 12.63 433 W/m 2 , 233 W/m 2 , 333 W/m 2 , 0.769, 0.231, 0.066 12.64 (a) 0, 577.4 K; (b) 0.89, 0.10; (c) 5600 W/m 2 , 630 W/m 2 ; (d) 0.89, 0.10 12.65 0.34, 0.80, 1700 W/m 2 , -700 W/m 2 12.66 0.60, 200 W/m 2 , -1200 W/m 2 12.67 (b) 1.42 × 105 W/m2 12.68 0.720, 0.756, -11.8 kW/m 2 12.69 42 W/m 2 12.70 (a) 0.225, 0.388, 0.5; (b) 443 kW/m 2 12.71 7000 W/m 2 , 0.94 12.72 29.2 W, 344 K 12.73 (a) 0.748; (b) 29.6°C; (c) 402 W/m2 12.74 (a) 117°C 12.75 (a) 22.2°C 12.76 (a) 25°C 12.77 (a) 19.8 W; (b) 538.2 K; (c) 855 s 12.78 (a) 145 W/m 2 ; (b) 9.23 µW; (c) 8.10 µW 12.79 99 K 12.80 8.08 × 10-8 W 12.81 (a) 1.15 µW; (b) 1.47 µW 12.82 3.38 × 10-7 W 12.83 (a) 7.57 × 10-3 W/m2; (b) 7.9 W/m2⋅µm⋅sr, 6.2 W/m2⋅µm⋅sr 12.84 (a) 134 K 12.85 (a) 1718 µV; (c) 1382 µV, 878 µV, 373 µV 12.86 (a) 17.9 kW/m 2 , 571 W/m 2⋅sr, 3189 W/m2, 1015 W/m2⋅s, 4983 W/m2; (b) 8.17 µW 12.87 (a) 5441 W/m 2 12.88 (a) 0.49; (b) 0.20; (c) 24.4 W 12.89 (a) 0.375; (b) 0.702; (c) 0.375 12.90 (a) 0.1, 0.676, 1050 W/m 2 , 5.7 W/m 2⋅K; (b) 477 K 12.91 (b) 20 K/s 12.92 (a) 2.93 W/m⋅K 12.93 (a) 1425 K, 1.87 × 105 W/m2; (b) 5.95 × 10-5 W 12.94 (a) 314 µW; (b) 871 K 12.95 (a) 800 K 12.96 (a) 0.643; (b) 0.200; (c) 1646 kW/m 2 12.97 (a) 839 K; (b) 770 K; (c) 850 K 12.98 30.7 s 12.99 (a) 1.83 s; (b) 54.3 W 12.100 (a) 1.56 × 109 W/m3; (b) 15.6 W/mm2, 7.8 W/mm2; (c) 772 s 12.101 (a) 126 W/m 2⋅K 12.102 (a) 0.799, 0.536; (b) 11.7 K/s; (c) 0.536; (d) 82 s 12.103 (a) 763 W; (b) 930 K; (c) 537 s 12.104 (a) 0.80, 0.713; (b) 233 kW/m 2 , 9.75 K/s; (d) 186 s; (e) 413 s; (f) 899 s 12.105 (a) 0.51 µm, 8.33 µm; (d) 73.5 kW/m2 12.106 (a) 48.5°C 12.107 139°C, 3.47 W 12.109 329.2 K 12.110 (a) 0.8, 0.625; (b) 352 K 12.111 (a) 0.634; (b) 0.25; (c) 460 W/m 2 12.115 (b) 35.5°C 12.116 (a) 8.16 × 105 W/m2 12.117 0.129 m, 31% 12.118 (a) 1.60 × 107 W, 75.8% 12.119 (b) 295.2 K; (c) 704 W 12.121 (a) 0.704; (b) 0.20; (c) 6.37 W/m 2⋅K 12.122 (a) 39.5°C; (b) 26.5°C 12.123 (a) 4887 W 12.124 96.5 W/m 2 12.125 (a) 77.6°C; (b) –35.3°C 12.126 379 K, 656 K 12.128 439 K 12.129 0.95 12.130 (a) 837 W, 1026 W 12.131 (a) 30.5°C, 2766 W; (b) –7.6°C, 4660 W; (c) 80°C, 9557 W 12.132 (a) 1.286; (b) 352 K, 145 K 12.133 646 W/m 2 12.134 197 K, 340 K 12.135 (b) ~5.5 × 106 s 12.136 2560 W 12.137 (a) 57.9°C, 180 W; (b) 171.7°C; (c) –30.4°C 12.138 4.7°C, 16.2°C 12.140 43.1°C, 29.2°C 12.141 25°C, 3.1 × 10-4 kg/s 12.142 (a) 0.0436 kg/m 3 , 0.0144 kg/m 3 , 6.76 × 10-6 kg/s, 21.2 W; (b) 503 W/m2, 3105 W/m2, 627 W/m 2 CHAPTER 13 13.1 (a) 1.0, 0.424; (b) 0.50, 0.25; (c) 0.363; (d) 0.50, 0.707; (e) 0.5, 0; (f) 1.0, 0.125; (g) 0.50, 0.637 13.2 (c) ~0.62 13.4 (b) 0.0767, 0.553; 0.0343, 0.800 13.9 (a) 0.09 13.10 (b) 0.01 13.11 (a) 0.038; (b) 0.23 13.12 0.781, 0.110 13.13 0.163 13.124 (a) 0.0197; (b) 825 K, 108 kW 13.125 15.1 kW 13.126 21.9 kW/m 13.127 98 kW/m 13.128 135 kW/m 2 13.129 380 K, 89.6 kW/m 2 13.130 0.515 kg/s 13.131 0.004 kg/s, 4.5 m/s, 367 K 13.132 (a) 530 K; (b) 0.00613 m/s 13.133 (a) 0.00341 kg/s⋅m; (b) 889 K, 811 K CHAPTER 14 14.1 0.233, 0.767 14.2 0.04 kmol/m 3 , 1.78 kg/m 3 , 0.5, 0.61; 0.04 kmol/m 3 , 1.13 kg/m 3 , 0.5, 0.39 14.3 0.31, 0.27, 0.42; 0.35, 0.40, 0.25 14.4 (a) 0.0194, 0.0120; 1; (b) 0.205, 0.226; 5.53× 10-6, 9.83 × 10-6 14.6 14.7 × 10-12 kg/s, -3.5 × 10-7 bar/s 14.7 1.5 × 10-8 kmol/s⋅m2 14.8 0.36 × 10-4 m2/s, 0.52 × 10-4 m2/s 14.13 1.31 × 10-9 kmol/s⋅m2, 0.0807 kmol/m3, 0.0404 kmol/m3 14.14 4.05 × 10-9 kg/s 14.15 1.45 × 10-11 kg/s, 7.06 × 10-5 bar 14.16 1.9 × 10-14 kg/s⋅m 14.17 4 × 10-15 kg/s 14.18 2.78 × 10-6 kg/s⋅m 14.19 4 × 10-12 kg/s⋅m 14.20 0.10, 5.61 × 10-5 kg/s 14.21 6.66 × 10-9 kmol/s 14.22 1.81 × 10-8 kmol/s 14.24 0.0008, 7.48 × 10-8 kmol/s⋅m2, 2.24 × 10-7 kmol/s⋅m2 14.25 3.72 × 10-9 kg/s 14.26 0.949 14.27 1.09 × 10-8 kmol/s, 1.10 × 10-8 kmol/s 14.30 (a) 0.00316 kg/week; (b) 0.1467 kg/week 14.32 0.257 kg/h⋅m2 14.33 (b) 5.38 × 10-11 kmol/s⋅m2 14.34 (c) 3 × 10-5 kmol/m3 14.35 (c) 5.11 × 10-6 kmol/m3, 2.18 × 10-15 kmol/s 14.36 (b) 7.86 × 10-8 kmol/s, 0.0169 14.38 (b) 0.02 kmol/m 3 ; (d) 9.6 × 10-5 kmol/s⋅m2 14.39 (b) 9.1 × 10-7 kmol/m3, 0 14.41 333 s 14.42 (a) 32 kg/m 3 ; (c) 42.9 h 14.43 (a) 32 kg/m 3 ; (c) 42.9 h; (d) 218 h 14.44 0.02 s 14.45 8.42 h 14.46 (b) 0.0314 14.47 (a) 2071 days; (b) 198.7 kg/m3; (c) 198.7 kg/m 3 14.48 (b) 2.435 × 10-5