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Nomina Anatômica Veterinária, 5th Edition 2005, Notas de estudo de Medicina Veterinária

Nomenclatura anatômica veterinária atualizada na última reunião dos anatomistas em 2005.

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Baixe Nomina Anatômica Veterinária, 5th Edition 2005 e outras Notas de estudo em PDF para Medicina Veterinária, somente na Docsity! NOMINA ANATOMICA VETERINARIA FIFTH EDITION Prepared by the International Committee on Veterinary Gross Anatomical Nomenclature (I.C.V.G.A.N.) and authorized by the General Assembly of the World Association of Veterinary Anatomists (W.A.V.A.) Knoxville, TN (U.S.A.) 2003 Published by the Editorial Committee Hannover, Columbia, Gent, Sapporo 2005 NOMINA ANATOMICA VETERINARIA (2005) CONTENTS CONTENTS Preface; Procedure to Change Terms ............ Introduction: History, Principles of the N.A.V. Introduction: Hints for the User of the N.A.V. Brief Latin Grammar for Anatomists ...... Termini situm et directionem partium corporis indicante: Termini ad membra spectantes... Termini generales, Partes corporis, Regiones corporis Osteologia. Arthrolog Myologia... Apparatus respiratoriu: Apparatus urogenitalis Peritoneum.... Glandulae endocrinae Angiologia.......... Arteriae Venae.. Systema lymphaticum Systema nervosum centrale . Systema nervosum periphericum. Systema nervosum autonomicum Organa sensuum ........ Integumentum commun For rapid search of terms: click on [88! (search) in tool bar on top of window; then type complete term (e.g. A. facialis) or parts of the term (e.g. facialis; antebrachii). NOMINA ANATOMICA VETERINARIA (2005) Integumentum commune: Professor H. Bragulla Institut fiir Veterinár-Anatomie, Freie Universitat Berlin Koserstr. 20 D-14195 Berlin, Germany bragulD O zedat.fu-berlin.de Professor H. Geyer, Switzerland Dr. Ch. Miilling, Germany Dr. W. Miinster, Germany Systema nervosum centrale: Professor I. Salazar Departamento de Anatomia y Embryologia Facultad de Veterinaria Universidad de Santiago de Compostela Carballo Calero s/n 27002 Lugo, Spain anigsabe O lugo.usc.es Professor R. Barone, France Professor H.D. Dellmann, U.S.A. Professor A. Dinopoulos, Greece Professor H. Gasse, Germany Professor C.V. Kanan, Sudan Professor A.N. Karamanlidis, Greece PREFACE Systema nervosum periphericum: Professor P. Sótonyi Dept. Anatomy and Histology Szent Istvan University Istvan u. 2 H-1078 Budapest, Hungary psotonyiQ univet.hu Dr. S. Buda, Germany Dr. S. Bruzewicz, Poland Professor G.M. Constantinescu, U.S.A. Professor C. Knospe, Germany Professor M. Lakomy, Poland Professor A. Weyns, Belgium Organa sensuum: Professor H. Augsburger Veteriniranatomisches Institut Universitit Ziirich Winterthurer Str. 260 CH-8057 Ziirich, Switzerland augsbhrO vetanat.unizh.ch Professor M.S.A. Kumar, U.S.A. Professor W. Van Den Broeck, Belgium Since the publication of the fourth edition of the N.A. V., several proposals were submitted for the revision of the contents, and all of them have been carefully reviewed and discussed by the members and chairmen of the relevant subcommittees. According to the guidelines of the 1.C.V.G.A.N., the Executive Committee (chairman, secretary, and chairmen of all subcommittees) reviewed all recommended changes and then made the final decision. The Editorial Committee performed all related alterations of the manuscript and forwarded an electronic data file to the Secretary General of the W.A.V.A., who had agreed to implement the publication on the W.A.V.A. website, where it is available as a read-only version (pdf file). The responsibility for the contents and the form of the N.A.V. remains with the LC.V.G.A.N. (according to the decision of the general assembly of the LC.V.G.A.N. in Knoxville in 2003). Consequently, all future changes will be performed strictly in the previous manner as documented in the Guidelines for the Procedure to Change Terms in the Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria (adopted by the I.C.V.G.A.N. on October 26, 1983), with a Preface added and adopted in July, 2004 (at the 2004 1.C.V.G.A.N. meeting in Oslo). VOS NOMINA ANATOMICA VETERINARIA (2005) PREFACE The procedure to change terms in the Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria Preface (adopted by the I.C.V.G.A.N. on July 30, 2004) Reliable communication systems are the major basis of an effective and successful work of the LC.V.G.AN.. The members of the 1.C.V.G.A.N., therefore, accept the obligation to respond to proposals that they received from the subcommittee”s chairperson or from the secretary. If a member does not respond, the secretary will send him a letter by regular surface mail, or will try to get in contact via E-mail or phone (if known). An answer to this letter is expected within three months. If no answer is received by the secretary, he will send a second letter. In case that this message, too, will remain without response within a period of three months, this will be taken as the member"s wish not to participate any further in the work of the .C.V.G.A.N.. Guidelines for the procedure to change terms in the Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria (adopted by the LC.V.G.A.N. on October 26, 1983, revised in May 2003 and July 30, 2004) 1. The Executive Committee of the I.C.V.G.A.N. consists of the Chairman, the Secretary, and the Subcommittee Chairmen or Chairwomen. 2. Proposals for changes may be submitted at any time to the Secretary. He will distribute them to all members of the Subcommittee concemed. 3. The recommendations of the Subcommittee will be submitted to the Executive Committee. 4. After a period of three months, the recommendations shall be polled by the Secretary. Each member of the Executive Committee has one vote, regardless of the number of positions held. Currently (2005), the Executive Committee has eleven members; it could have twelve. A majority of two-thirds of the Executive Committee is required to adopt a change. If the change is not adopted, it has to be sent back to the Subcommittee for reconsideration. Translating the fractions to whole numbers results in the following: Number of members 2/3 majority Number required to recommit 9 6 4 10 7 4 q 8 4 12 8 5 The present (2005) members of the Executive Committee of the 1.C.V.G.A.N. are: Chairman: Professor H. Waibl, Secretary: Professor H. Gasse; Professor H. Augsburger, Professor H. Bragulla, Professor K.-D. Budras, Professor G.M. Constantinescu, Professor Y. Hashimoto, Professor A. Saber, Professor I. Salazar, Professor P. Simoens, Professor P. Sótonyi. VOS We acknowledge with gratitude the tremendous work of all colleagues who made the completion of this 5” edition possible. International Committee on Veterinary Editorial Committee Gross Anatomical Nomenclature H. Waibl, Chairman H. Waibl, Chairman H. Gasse, Secretary H. Gasse, Secretary G. Constantinescu Y. Hashimoto P. Simoens vi NOMINA ANATOMICA VETERINARIA (2005) INTRODUCTION, HISTORY INTRODUCTION (Fifth edition) History Until 1895 there was no general agreement on the nomenclature of human or veterinary anatomy. Each nation had its own system of terminology, although there was a common foundation that extended far back into history. Many structures had different names in different countries, and many were named after the man credited with the first description. In many cases the same organ was associated with the names of different anatomists in different countries. The first effort to compile a unified anatomical terminology produced the Basel Nomina Anatomica (B.N.A.), adopted by the Anatomische Gesellschafi in 1895. This nomenclature was not applicable to domestic animals because the terms of direction were based on the erect position of the human body. Therefore a committee on veterinary anatomical nomenclature was established in the same year by the VIth International Veterinary Congress in Ben. This committee under the chairmanship of M. Sussdorf and P. Martin secured the adoption of its nomenclature by the VII” Intemational Veterinary Congress in Baden-Baden in 1899. Unfortunately, it was never printed, and was not distributed intemationally. It was, however, used in wellknown textbooks. In 1923 the American Veterinary Medical Association published Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria based on the B.N.A. and prepared by a committee under the chairmanship of S. Sisson. This list also failed to achieve international acceptance. A revision of the B.N.A. was prepared by a committee of German anatomists between 1923 and 1935, adopted by the Anatomische Gesellschaft in Jena, and published in 1936. It is known as the J.N.A. Some ofits sweeping reforms were especially important to veterinary anatomists, who were represented on the committee by H. Baum. The standard anatomical position was abandoned and the terms of direction were related to parts of the body, making the terms applicable to all veitebrates. Of course, many terms necessary in veterinary anatomy were not listed, but established veterinary anatomical terms were easily adapted to the linguistic rules of the J.N.A. by the authors of several widely accepted textbooks. During the same period the Birmingham Revision (B.R., 1933), based on the erect human position, was published with the approval of the Anatomical Society of Great Britain and Ireland. An Intemational Anatomical Nomenclature Committee (I.A.N.C.) was appointed by the Vth Intemational Congress of Anatomists at Oxford, 1950. The list of terms compiled by the Committee was adopted by the VIth International Congress of Anatomists in Paris in 1955, and is therefore known as the P.N.A. Although the new nomenclature contained many improvements and had the great advantage of international recognition and actual use in textbooks of human anatomy, it was opposed by veterinary anatomists because it was based on the B.N.A., reintroducing the old terms of direction related to the human standing position, with the forearms supinated in a posture that is impossible in most animals. Consequently the veterinary anatomists present at the Congress in Paris met on the initiative of C. Bressou and decided to found an Intemational Association of Veterinary Anatomists with the primary objective of preparing a nomenclature of veterinary anatomy based on the P.N.A. At the first meeting of the International Association of Veterinary Anatomists in Freiburg, 1957, J. Schreiber was appointed Chairman of the International Committee on Veterinary Anatomical Nomenclature (I.C.V.A.N.) and charged with the recruitment of a membership representing as many nationalities as possible. In organizing the Committee, he invited the participation of members of the Committee on Nomenclature of the American Association of Veterinary Anatomists, appointed in 1951. The original members of the IC.V.A.N. were: A. I Akaevski, Russia; R. Barone, France; P. C. Blin, France; J. Boessneck, Germany; C. Bressou, France; M.L. Calhom, U.S.A.; G. C. Christensen, U.S.A.; T. Ciliga, Croatia; J. Frewein, Austria; R. Getty, vii NOMINA ANATOMICA VETERINARIA (2005) INTRODUCTION, HISTORY LC.V.A.N with the goal of obtaining agreement, by intensive cooperation, on the same term for the same structure, or the use of the same rules when a term has to be changed for any scientific reason. Since the General Assembly of the World Association of Veterinary Anatomists in Paris, 1967, several members ofthe LC.V.A.N. have resigned and the following members have passed away: E. Vau (Tatu, Estonia), member of the Subcommittee on Osteologia et Syndesmologia; J. Schreiber (Vienna, Austria), Chairman of the I.C.V.A.N. from its founding in 1957 until 1965, Chairman of the Subcommittee on Termini generales until his death, Chairman of the Subcommittee on the Systema nervosum periphericum until 1965, thereafter a member of this Subcommittee; R. Getty (Iowa, U.S.A.), Chairman of the Subcommittee on Organa sensuum; T. Grahame (Edinburgh, Great Britain); member of the Subcommittee on Splanchnologia; L. E. St. Clair (Illinois, U.S.A.), Chairman of the Subcommittee on Myologia; C. W. Ottaway (Bristol, Great Britain), member of the Subcommittee on Myologia; T. Ciliga (Zagreb, Croatia), and C. Bressou (Alfort, France), members of the Subcommittee on Splanchnologia; H. Grau (Munich, Germany), and Chairman of the Subcommittee on the Systema lymphaticum; C. Lohse (Davis, Califomia, U.S.A.), and V. Simié (Belgrade, Serbia), members of the Subcommittee on Myologia; M. B. Quigley (Illinois, U.S.A.), member of the Subcommittee on Histologia. We moum their passing and express our gratitude for their contributions. The fourth edition ofthe N.A.V. was prepared by the following members ofthe I.C.V.G.A.N.: Chairman: J. Frewein, Switzerland; Secretary: H. Waibl, Germany. Subcommittee Termini generales, Partes et Regiones corporis: W. O. Sack, U.S.A.; D. Behrens von Rautenfeld, Germany; E. Kleiss, Venezuela; H. Wissdorf, Germany. Subcommittee Osteologia et Arthrologia: K. D. Budras, Germany; K. Babic, Croatia; R. Barone, France; R. Berg, Germany; H. E. Evans, U.S.A.; M.J. Shively, U.S.A.; H. Waibl, Germany. Subcommittee Myologia: G. Fehér, Hungary; R. Barone, France; T. Fujioka, Japan; K. Swiezynski, Poland. Subcommittee Splanchnologia: R. E. Habel, U.S.A.; R. R. Ashdown, Great Britain, J. Frewein, Switzerland; Dr. P. H. McCarthy, Australia, C. J. G. Wensing, The Netherlands. Subcommittee Angiologia: P. Simoens, Belgium; Dr. W. Minster, Germany: Dr. L. I. Saar, Canada; N. R. De Vos, Belgium; B. Vollmerhaus, Germany. Subcommittee Systema nervosum centrale: J. E. Breazile, U.S.A.; R. Barone, France; H. D. Dellmam, U.S.A.; C. V. Kanan, Sudan; A. N. Karamanlidis, Greece; K. Mochizuki, Japan. Subcommittee Systema nervosum periphericum: R. C. McChwe, U.S.A:; G. Constantinescu, U.S.A.; J. Frewein, Switzerland; R. L. Kitchell, U.S.A.. Subcommittee Systema nervosum autonomicum: R. L. Kitchell, U.S.A.; J. F. Amam, U.S.A.; J. Frewein, Switzerland. Subcommittee Organa sensuum: J. E. Breazile, U.S.A.; C. D. Diesem, U.S.A.; T. F. Fletcher, USA:;R.L. Kitchell, U.S.A.. Subconmittee Integumentum commune: H. Wilkens, Germany; Dr. W. Minster, Germany; W. O. Sack, U.S.A.. The fomth edition was the last N.A.V. which was published in a printed format as a book. It was edited by J. Frewein, R.E. Habel, and W.O. Sack. Following the publication of this work, we received the sad news that the long-standing members ofLC.V.G.A.N. CD. Diesem, RL. Kitchell, N.R. De Vos, J. Frewein, and W.O. Sack have passed away. We will always commemorate them in highest esteem. DOS NOMINA ANATOMICA VETERINARIA (2005) INTRODUCTION, PRINCIPLES OOS Principles of the N.A.V. The following principles, which agree to a large extent with those of the N.A., have served as guides in the work of the Committee: 1. Aside from a very limited number of exceptions, each anatomical concept should be designated by a single term. 2. Each term should be in Latin in the official list, but the anatomists of each country are free to translate the official Latin terms into the language of instruction. 3. Eachterm should be as short and simple as possible. 4. The terms should be easy to remember and should have, above all, instructive and descriptive value. 5. Structures that are closely related topographically should have similar names; for example, Arteria femoralis, Vena femoralis, Nervus femoralis. 6. Differentiating adjectives should generally be opposites, as major and minor, superficialis and profundus. 7. Terms derived from proper names (eponyms) should not be used. No scientific nomenclature can be considered complete and permanent as long as research in the field continues. Research in gross anatomy of domestic animals is actively pursued throughout the world, and has been accelerated by interest in the problems uncovered in the compilation of the N.A.V. Itis to be expected therefore that frequent revision will be required. It is suggested that proposed changes with adequate documentation be sent at any time to the Secretary, Professor H. Gasse. Such proposals will be handled according the Guidelines for the Procedure to Change Terms inthe N.A.V. (see page vi). Hamover, Missouri, Sapporo and Gent, 2005 International Committee on Veterinary Editorial Committee Gross Anatomical Nomenclature H. Waibl, Chairman H. Waibl, Chairman H. Gasse, Secretary H. Gasse, Secretary G. Constantinescu Y. Hashimoto P. Simoens Acknowledgements: The Editorial Committee thanks Mrs. Ines Blume and Dr. Elisabeth Engelke for their ourstanding wotk in the transcription of the 4” edition (printed version) into the electronic form of the 5” edition. DOS xi NOMINA ANATOMICA VETERINARIA (2005) INTRODUCTION, HINTS FOR THE USER OOS Hints for the user of the N.A.V. a. Regarding terms of direction, the following rules were adopted after long deliberation: The terms cranialis and caudalis apply to the neck and trunk and to the limbs proximal to the carpus and tarsus. The terms dorsalis and palmaris are used on the manus, and dorsalis and plantaris on the pes. On the head the terms rostralis, caudalis, dorsalis, and ventralis are preferred, with the terms anterior, posterior, superior, and inferior used in a few locations, such as the eyeball, eyelids, lips, and inner ear. Medialis and lateralis are used on the whole body, except that axialis and abaxialis, referring to the functional longitudinal axis of a limb, may be used, for example, to designate the sides of the digits in domestic mammals other than the horse. b. The spelling of the N.A. was adopted, but where this differs from classical Latin, the linguistically correct spelling is given in brackets [ ]. This applies mainly to the diphthongs ae and oe. The terms added for structures that do not occur in man are also spelled according to the rules ofthe N.A. c. Although it was originally intended to avoid the perpetuation of synonyms, the Committee was compelled in some cases to adopt equivalent terms in order to obtain a wider acceptance of the nomendature. Terms in brackets [ ] are official altematives or explanatory additions. d. Common anatomical variations are listed in parentheses ( ), except in the Systema lymphaticum, where many of the lymph nodes named are variable in occurrence. e. The species of domestic animals considered in the compilation of this nomenclature are listed in note 1 of Notes to Termini generales. The larger group designations are, of course, restricted in their meaning to the species of domestic mammals listed; for example, “Ungulata“ includes only Sus scrofa domestica, Bos taurus, Ovis aries, Capra hircus, and Equus caballus. The term Astiodactyla used in the notes means Sus scrofa domestica and Ruminantia (Bos taurus, Ovis aries, Capra hircus). When a species designation is listed after a term, it indicates that the structure occurs only in that species among domestic mammals. However, the absence of a species designation does not necessarily mean that the structure is present in all domestic mammals. Structures that are absent in a particular species are indicated by (abs.). f. In the nomenclature of the blood vessels and peripheral nerves it was often necessary to make separate lists for different species. Such lists begin with a heading that gives the genus or order in italics. At the end of the separate list, the nomenclature common to all species is resumed under the heading, Termini communes. DOS xii NOMINA ANATOMICA VETERINARIA (2005) BRIEF LATIN GRAMMAR Fourth declension This declension is applied to some of the masculine nouns ending in -us (exception: manus = fem.) and all neuter nouns ending in -u. Singular Plural Gender Nominative Genitive Nominative Genitive -us -us -us -uum masc. -u -us -ua -uum neuter Examples: Arcus Arcus Arcus Arcuum masc. Cornu Cornus Cornua Cornuum neuter Terms: Aditus, Arcus, Ascensus, Descensus, Ductus, Fetus, Hiatus, Meatus, Olfactus, Plexus, Processus, Recessus, Sinus, Tractus (all are masc.); Manus = fem; Cornu, Genu (both neuter). Fifth declension In the anatomical terminology this declension is only applied to facies. Singular Plural Gender Nominative Genitive Nominative Genitive -es “jei -es -erum fem. Example: Facies Faciei Facies Facierum fem. THE ADJECTIV An adjective must agree with its noun in number, gender, and case; usually it follows the noun. To achieve agreement, adjectives are declined by the first, second, or third declension. First and second declension Singular Plural Gender Nominative Genitive Nominative Genitive a) -us “i “i -orum masc. -a -ae -ae -arum fem. “um i -a -orum neuter Examples: longus longi longi longorum masc. longa longae longae longarum fem. longum longi longa longorum neuter Terms: albus, alba, album; flavus, -a, -um; internus, -a, -um; luteus, -ea, -ceum; magnus, -a, -um; medius, -a, “um; rectus, -a, -um; transversus, -a, -um, etc. Xv NOMINA ANATOMICA VETERINARIA (2005) BRIEF LATIN GRAMMAR b) Singular Plural Gender Nominative Genitive Nominative Genitive -er «(e)ri «(e)ri “(ejrorum masc. -(e)ra «(e)rae «(e)rae “(e)jrarum fem. -(eJrum «(e)ri «(ejra “(ejrorum neuter Examples: dexter dextri dextri dextrorum masc. dextra dextrae dextrae dextrarum fem. dextrum dextri dextra dextrorum neuter Terms: liber, libera, liberum; niger, nigra, nigrum; ruber, rubra, rubrum; sinister, sinistra, sinistrum, etc. Third declension a) for consonant stems Singular Plural Gender Nominative Genitive Nominative Genitive - -is -es “um m+f -s -is -a “um neuter Examples: major majoris majores majorum m+f majus majoris majora majorum neuter Terms: anterior, anterius; inferior, inferius; minor, minus; posterior, posterius; etc. superior, superius, b) for i-stems Singular Plural Gender Nominative Genitive Nominative Genitive -is -is -es “jum m+f -e “is “ia “jum neuter Examples: medialis medialis mediales medialium m+f mediale medialis medialia medialium neuter Terms: brevis, breve; distalis, distale; dorsalis, dorsale; lateralis, laterale; communis, commune; jugularis, jugulare, etc. xvi NOMINA ANATOMICA VETERINARIA (2005) c) for participles used as adjectives Singular Nominative Genitive -s «tis -s «tis Examples: deferens deferentis deferens deferentis Terms: afferens, efferens, ascendens, descendens, communicans, perforans, recurrens, etc. Nominative -tes “tia deferentes deferentia Plural Genitive -tium -tium deferentium deferentium BRIEF LATIN GRAMMAR Gender m+f neuter m+f neuter xvii NOMINA ANATOMICA VETERINARIA (2005) TERMINI GENERALES Hypogastrium Hypoglossus Tlia, Ilium Iliacus Impar Impressio Imus Incisura Incisus Infundibulum Interstitium Intima Introitus Ischiadicus Ischium Isthmus Labium Lac, Lactis Lacer Lacrima Lacuna Lamina Latissimus Levator Liber Ligamentum Limbus Limitans Linea Lobus Longus Lucidus Lumbricus Lunatus Luteus Lympha Lymphonodus Magnus Major Mamilla Margo Masticatus Mastoideus Mater Matrix Mesothelium Metapodium Meatus Mediastinum Medulla Minor Mitra Mola Molecularis Mollis Motor Mucosus Multifidus Musculus Navicula Nephros Nervus Neuron Niger Nomen Nucleolus Nutricius Obliquus Obturator Obtusus Occipitalis Olfactus Ophthalmicus Orbicularis Organum Os Ostium Oticus Ovum Pallidus Pampiniformis Papilla Paraganglion Parasympathicus Parotis Pars Parvus Pedalis Pelvis Perforatus Peripheria Permanens Perpendicularis Peroneus [Peronaeus] Pes Petra Phallus Pigmentum Pinea Piriformis Pisiformis Pituita Planus Pneumaticus Porta Primus Prisma Processus Pronator Proprius Pterygoideus Pubes Pudendus Pulposus Click on term to read footnote NOMINA ANATOMICA VETERINARIA (2005) TERMINI GENERALES Pyramis Quadratus Quadriceps Radialis Radix Ramus Recessus Rectus Recurrens Reflexus Regio Renalis Respiratio Rete Retinaculum Retroflexus Rhomboideus Rotundus Ruber Rudimentum Sacrum Saccus Saliva Sanguis Scalenus Sebaceus Sebum Secretum Semen Sensus Septum Serratus Serum Sesamoideus Sigmoideus Simplex Sinus Solitarius Spatium Sperma Sphenoidalis Spheroideus [Sphaeroideus] Sphincter Spina Spiralis Splanchnicus Spongiosus Squamosus Status Stellatus Stratum Striatus Stylopodium Stylus Sudor Sulcus Supinator Supinus Suspensus Sympathicus Symphysis Synchondrosis Tactilis Tectorius Tempus Tendo Tenia Tensor Tenuis Teres Terminalis Theca Thorax Tibialis Tonsilla Tractus Trigonum Trochanter Trochlea Truncus Tuba Tuber Tuberculum Tuberositas Tunica Tympanum Ulnaris Uncinatus Urina Vagina Vagus Valva Vascularis Vastus Velum Vena Ventriculus Venula Vesicalis Vestibularis Vestigium Viscus Visus Vitellus Vitreus Vocalis Vorticosus Xiphoideus Zeugopodium Zona Zygomaticus Click on term to read footnote NOMINA ANATOMICA VETERINARIA (2005) PARTES CORPORIS CAPUT COLLUM TRUNCUS CAUDA MEMBRA Caput Cranium Vertex Sinciput Frons Occiput Tempora Comu Auris Auricula Facies Oculus Palpebra superior Palpebra inferior Rima palpebrarum Bulbus oculi Sulcus infrapalpebralis Nasus Dorsum nasi Apex nasi Ala nasi Naris Planum nasale Planum nasolabiale Rostrum Planum rostrale PARTES CORPORIS Os Labium superius Labium inferius Rima oris Cavum oris Lingua Fauces Bucca [Mala] Mentum Sulcus mentolabialis Collum Cervix Nucha Juba Palear Larynx Prominentia laryngea Pharynx Trachea Esophagus [Oesophagus] Truncus Dorsum Columna vertebralis Lumbus Thorax Cavum thoracis Pectus Mamma thoracica” Papilla mammae Click on term to read footnote NOMINA ANATOMICA VETERINARIA (2005) REGIONES CORPORIS Linea mediana dorsalis Linea mediana ventralis Margo tricipitalis! Planum medianum Plana sagittalia [paramediana] Plana transversalia Plana dorsalia!! Regiones capitis Regiones cranii Regio frontalis Regio parietalis Regio occipitalis Regio temporalis Fossa supraorbitalis Regio auricularis Regio cornualis Regiones faciei Regio nasalis Regio dorsalis nasi Regio lateralis nasi Regio naris Regio oralis Regio labialis superior Regio labialis inferior Regio mentalis Regio orbitalis Regio palpebralis superior Regio palpebralis inferior Regio zy gomatica Regio infraorbitalis REGIONES CORPORIS Regio articulationis temporomandibularis Regio masseterica Regio buccalis Regio maxillaris Regio mandibularis Regio intermandibularis Regio subhyoidea Regiones colli Margo colli dorsalis Regio colli dorsalis Regio colli lateralis Regio parotidea Fossa retromandibularis Regio retroauricularis Regio pharyngea Regio brachiocephalica Sulcus jugularis Fossa jugularis! Regio sternocephalica Regio prescapularis [prae-) Regio colli ventralis Regio laryngea Regio trachealis Regiones pectoris Regio presternalis [prae-] Sulcus pectoralis medianus Sulcus pectoralis lateralis Regio sternalis Regio mammaria thoracica Regio scapularis Regio cartilaginis scapulae Click on term to read footnote NOMINA ANATOMICA VETERINARIA (2005) REGIONES CORPORIS Regio supraspinata Regio infraspinata Regio acromialis Regio costalis Regio cardiaca Arcus costalis Regiones abdominis Regio abdominis cranialis Regio hypochondriaca Regio xiphoidea Regio abdominis media Regio abdominis lateralis Fossa paralumbalis Regio plicae lateris Regio umbilicalis Regio abdominis caudalis Regio inguinalis Regio pubica Regio preputialis [prae-] Regio mammaria abdominalis Regio mammaria inguinalis Regio uberi Regiones dorsi Regio vertebralis thoracis [Reg. dorsocostalis] Regio interscapularis!* Regio lumbalis Regiones pelvis Regio sacralis Regio glutea [glutaea] Regio tuberis coxae Regio clunis” Regio tuberis ischiadici Regio caudalis Regio radicis caudae Regio perinealis Regio analis Regio urogenitalis Regio scrotalis” Regio supramammaria Regiones membri thoracici Regio articulationis humeri Regio axillaris Fossa axillaris Regio brachii Regio tricipitalis Regio cubiti Regio olecrani Regio antebrachii Regio carpi Regio metacarpi Regio metacarpophalangea” Regio phalangis proximalis Regio compedis” Regio interphalangea proximalis Regio phalangis mediae Regio coronalis? Spatium interdigitale Regiones membri pelvini Regio articulationis coxae Regio trochanterica Regio femoris Regio genus cranialis Regio patellaris Regio genus lateralis Regio genus medialis Click on term to read footnote NOMINA ANATOMICA VETERINARIA (2005) REGIONES CORPORIS Regio poplitea Regio cruris Regio tendinis calcanei communis Regio tarsi Regio calcanea Regio metatarsi Regio metatarsophalangea”” Regio phalangis proximalis Regio compedis? Regio interphalangea proximalis Regio phalangis mediae Regio coronalis? Spatium interdigitale 10 Click on term to read footnote NOMINA ANATOMICA VETERINARIA (2005) TERMINI GENERALES 17 Regio clunis. Because the muscles dorsal to the Tuber ischiadicum in domestic mammals are not named Mm. glutei, this region is not included in the Reg. glutea as in man, but is called Regio clunis. 18 Regio urogenitalis. The ventral boundary of the Reg. urogenitalis in the male of most species is the caudal attachment of the serotum, but in the cat and pig the scrotum must be included in this region, and therefore the ventral boundary is the cranial attachment of the scrotum in these species. 19 Regio scrotalis has been listed in the Regiones pelvis, although its position in some species would justify its inclusion in Regiones abdominis. 20 Regio metacarpophalangea, Regio metatarsophalangea. Regio articulationis metacarpo- phalangeae would be more accurate, however this term is too long. The expressions listed are not ambiguous. 21 Regio compedis, known as the pastern region, is the part of the digit of Ungulata between the metacarpo(-tarso-)phalangeal joint and the Regio coronalis. 22 Regio coronalis is the slightly raised band of skin that joins the narrower Regio compedis to the hoof. 13 Click on term to read footnote NOMINA ANATOMICA VETERINARIA (2005) TERMINI GENERALES 14 Click on term to read footnote NOMINA ANATOMICA VETERINARIA (2005) OSTEOLOGIA OSTEOLOGIA Systema skeletale Pars ossea Periosteum Endosteum Substantia corticalis Substantia compacta Substantia spongiosa Pars cartilaginea Perichondrium Skeleton axiale Skeleton appendiculare Os longum Os breve Os planum Os irregulare Os pneumaticum Os sesamoideum Diaphysis Metaphysis! Cartilago physialis! Linea physialis! Epiphysis Cartilago epiphysialis" Cartilago articularis (vide Articulationes, N.AV.p.33) Centrum ossificationis primarium? Centrum ossificationis secundarium? Synostosis Apophysis Facies articularis Cavum medullare Medula ossium flava Medula ossium rubra Foramen nutricium Canalis nutricius SKELETON AXIALE CRANIUM Cavum cranii Pericranium Lamina extema Diploé Canales diploici Lamina interna Sulcus sinus sagittalis dorsalis Tentorium cerebelli osseum Eminentia cruciformis Meatus temporalis Canalis sinus transversi Foveolae granulares Impressiones digitatae Sulci venosi Sulci arteriosi (Ossa suturarum) Calvaria Vertex Frons Fossa frontalis Protuberantia intercomualis Occiput Fossa temporalis Arceus zy gomaticus Fossa infratemporalis Basis cranii externa Foramen jugulare Foramen mastoideum Fissura sphenopetrosa (Car) Fissura sphenotympanica (Car, Ru) Fissura petrooccipitalis (Car, Ru) Fissura tympanooccipitalis (Car, Ru, eq) Canalis petrooccipitalis Foramen lacerum” Basis cranii interna Fossa cranii rostralis Fossae ethmoidales Fossa cranii media Crista sphenooccipitalis Fossa cranii caudalis Clivus Fonticuli cranii Fonticulus frontoparietalis Fonticulus sphenoidalis Fonticulus mastoideus FACIES Fossa pterygopalatina Canalis palatinus major Foramen palatinum caudale Palatum osseum Foramen palatinum majus Fissura palatina” Canalis interincisivus Fissura interincisiva Click on term to read footnote NOMINA ANATOMICA VETERINARIA (2005) OSTEOLOGIA Pars tympanica Anulus tympanicus Sulcus tympanicus Meatus acusticus externus Porus acusticus externus Vagina processus styloidei Processus muscularis Bulla tympanica Septum bullae Canalis caroticus Canaliculi caroticotympanici Canalis musculotubarius? Semicanalis m. tensoris veli palatini Semicanalis tubae auditivae Septum canalis musculotubarii Pars endotympanica? Bulla tympanica Septum bullae Pars squamosa Margo parietalis Processus occipitalis” Margo frontalis Margo sphenoidalis Facies temporalis Crista supramastoidea Processus zy gomaticus Fossa mandibularis Facies articularis Tuberculum articulare Processus retroarticularis Foramen retroarticulare Incisura tympanica Processus retrotympanicus Facies cerebralis Crista tentorica? Sinus frontalis caudalis" Sinus sphenoidalis!! Os parietale Facies interna (Crista sagittalis interna) Processus tentoricus Facies extena Crista sagittalis externa Linea temporalis! Tuber parietale Margo occipitalis Margo squamosus Margo sagittalis Margo interparietalis” Margo frontalis Angulus frontalis Angulus occipitalis Angulus sphenoidalis Angulus mastoideus Planum parietale Planum temporale Planum nuchale Sulcus sinus sagittalis dorsalis Sinus frontalis caudalis”! Septum sinuum frontalium Os frontale Squama frontalis Facies extena Tuber frontale Arceus superficialis Margo supraorbitalis Foramen supraorbitale Incisura supraorbitalis Canalis supraorbitalis Sulcus supraorbitalis Facies temporalis Linea temporalis! Crista orbitotemporalis Processus zygomaticus Fossa glandulae lacrimalis Facies interna Crista frontalis? Sulcus sinus sagittalis dorsalis Margo ethmoidalis Pars nasalis Margo nasalis Pars orbitalis Facies orbitalis Fovea trochlearis Foramen ethmoidale Foramina ethmoidalia” Crista orbitalis ventralis Incisura ethmoidalis Incisura sphenoidalis Incisura supraorbitalis caudalis (or) Incisura supraorbitalis rostralis (or) Processus cornualis Corona processus cornualis Collum processus cornualis Click on term to read footnote NOMINA ANATOMICA VETERINARIA (2005) OSTEOLOGIA Margo parietalis Margo sagittalis Sinus frontalis! Sinus frontales Aperturae sinuum frontalium Septa sinuum frontalium Processus septalis Os ethmoidale Lamina cribrosa Crista galli Lamina perpendicularis Labyrinthus ethmoidalis Ethmoturbinalia Ectoturbinalia Endoturbinalia Cellulae ethmoidales Meatus ethmoidales Lamina orbitalis Foramen ethmoidale Lamina tectoria?” Lamina basalis” Concha nasalis dorsalis Processus uncinatus Concha nasalis media Vomer Sulcus vomeris [septalis] Crista vomeris Ala vomeris OSSA FACIEI Os nasale Facies extena Sulcus supraorbitalis” Facies interna Processus septalis Crista ethmoidalis”? (Sinus frontalis)"! Os lacrimale Facies orbitalis Facies facialis Facies nasalis Incisura infratrochlearis Processus frontalis Processus lacrimalis caudalis Processus lacrimalis rostralis Fossa lacrimalis extema Fossa sacci lacrimalis Foramen lacrimale Foramina lacrimalia (su) Canalis lacrimalis Fossa m. obliqui ventralis Bulla lacrimalis Sinus maxillaris (Ru) Sinus lacrimalis (bo) (Sinus lacrimalis) (su, ov, cap) Apertura sinus lacrimalis (Sinus frontalis rostralis lateralis) (su) (Sinus frontalis lateralis) (ov, cap) Sinus maxillaris caudalis (eq) Maxilla Corpus maxillae Facies orbitalis' Facies facialis Crista facialis Tuber faciale Foramen infraorbitale Canalis infraorbitalis Canalis alveolaris Fossa canina Juga alveolaria Facies pterygopalatina Foramina alveolaria Canales alveolares” Tuber maxillae Foramen maxillare Facies nasalis Sulcus lacrimalis Canalis lacrimalis Crista conchalis Hiatus maxillaris”? Sulcus palatinus major Sinus maxillaris Sinus maxillaris rostralis Sinus maxillaris caudalis Septum sinuum maxillarium Processus frontalis (Car) Crista ethmoidalis”? Processus zygomaticus Click on term to read footnote NOMINA ANATOMICA VETERINARIA (2005) OSTEOLOGIA Processus palatinus Crista nasalis Sulcus palatinus Foramen palatinum majus Sinus palatinus” Septum sinuum palatinorum Processus alveolaris Margo alveolaris Margo interalveolaris Alveoli dentales Septa interalveolaria Septa interradicularia Os conchae nasalis ventralis Os incisivum Corpus ossis incisivi Facies labialis Facies palatina Processus alveolaris Arcus alveolaris Alveoli dentales Septa interalveolaria Margo interalveolaris Juga alveolaria Processus palatinus Processus nasalis Os rostrale Os palatinum Lamina perpendicularis Facies nasalis Facies maxillaris Incisura sphenopalatina Foramen sphenopalatinum Sulcus palatinus major Canalis palatinus major Processus pyramidalis Crista ethmoidalis Lamina sphenoethmoidalis Processus orbitalis Processus sphenoidalis (Sinus sphenoidalis)" Lamina horizontalis Facies nasalis Facies palatina Margo liber Spina nasalis caudalis Canales palatini minores Foramen palatinum majus Foramina palatina minora Crista nasalis (Crista palatina)º Sinus palatinus” Septum sinuum palatinorum Os zygomaticum Facies lateralis Facies orbitalis Processus temporalis Processus frontalis Margo infraorbitalis Crista facialis Sinus maxillaris” Sinus maxillaris caudalis Mandibula Corpus mandibulae Pars incisiva Arcus alveolaris Canales alveolares” Pars molaris Margo alveolaris Margo ventralis Incisura vasorum facialium Foramen mentale Foramina mentalia Foramina mentalia lateralia”* Foramen mentale mediale” Facies labialis Facies buccalis Facies lingualis Linea mylohyoidea Alveoli dentales Septa interalveolaria Septa interradicularia Juga alveolaria Click on term to read footnote NOMINA ANATOMICA VETERINARIA (2005) OSTEOLOGIA Humerus Caput humeri Collum humeri Tuberculum majus Pars cranialis Pars caudalis Crista tuberculi majoris Tuberculum minus Pars cranialis Pars caudalis Crista tuberculi minoris Sulcus intertubercularis Tuberculum intermedium Facies m. infraspinati Tuberositas teres minor Linea m. tricipitis* Corpus humeri Facies cranialis Facies lateralis Facies caudalis Facies medialis Crista humeri Tuberositas deltoidea Sulcus m. brachialis Tuberositas teres major Crista supracondylaris lateralis Condylus humeri* Capitulum humeri Trochlea humeri Fossa olecrani Fossa coronoidea Fossa radialis Foramen supratrochleare (ca) Epicondylus medialis Foramen supracondylare (fe) Epicondylus lateralis Skeleton antebrachii Radius Caput radii Fovea capitis radii Circumferentia articularis Collum radii Tuberositas radii Corpus radii Facies cranialis Facies caudalis Crista transversa Margo medialis Margo lateralis Trochlea radii Facies articularis carpea Processus styloideus Processus styloideus medialis” Processus styloideus lateralis” Incisura ulnaris Ulna Olecranon Tuber olecrani Processus anconeus [anconaeus] Processus coronoideus medialis* Processus coronoideus lateralis Incisura trochlearis Incisura radialis Corpus ulnae Facies lateralis Facies cranialis Facies medialis Margo interosseus” Margo lateralis Margo caudalis Margo medialis Caput ulnae Circumferentia articularis Processus styloideus Facies articularis carpea Spatium interosseum antebrachii Spatium interosseum antebrachii proximale Spatium interosseum antebrachii distale Skeleton manus Ossa carpi (Os carpi centrale) Os carpi radiale [Os scaphoideum] Os carpi intermedium [Os lunatum)] Os carpi ulnare [Os triquetrum] Os carpi accessorium [Os pisiforme] Os carpale I [Os trapezium] Os carpale II [Os trapezoideum] Os carpale II [Os capitatum] Os carpale IV [Os hamatum] Os carpi intermedioradiale [Os scapholunatum] Os carpale II et II [Os trapezoideocapitatum] Sulcus carpi Os sesamoideum m. abductoris digiti 1 [pollicis] longi (Ossa sesamoidea palmaria) 22 Click on term to read footnote NOMINA ANATOMICA VETERINARIA (2005) Ossa metacarpalia I-V Basis Facies articularis Corpus Facies dorsalis Tuberositas ossis metacarpalis II Facies palmaris Margo medialis Margo lateralis Caput Os metacarpale II et IV (Ru) Sulcus longitudinalis dorsalis Sulcus longitudinalis palmaris Canalis metacarpi proximalis Canalis metacarpi distalis Incisura intercapitalis Ossa digitorum manus” Phalanx proximalis [Os compedale] Basis phalangis proximalis Fovea articularis Eminentia palmaris medialis”! Eminentia palmaris lateralis”! Corpus phalangis proximalis Trigonum phalangis proximalis Caput phalangis proximalis Phalanx media [Os coronale] Basis phalangis mediae Fovea articularis Processus extensorius Tuberositas flexoria Corpus phalangis mediae Caput phalangis mediae Phalanx distalis [Os unguiculare, Os ungulare] Facies articularis Facies articularis sesamoidea Facies parietalis Facies axialis Sulcus parietalis axialis Foramen axiale? Margo dorsalis Facies abaxialis Sulcus parietalis abaxialis Foramen abaxiale? Pars medialis Sulcus parietalis medialis Processus palmaris medialis Foramen processus palmaris medialis Incisura processus palmaris medialis OSTEOLOGIA Pars dorsalis Pars lateralis Sulcus parietalis lateralis Processus palmaris lateralis Foramen processus palmaris lateralis Incisura processus palmaris lateralis Processus unguicularis Facies solearis Tuberculum flexorium”! Facies flexoria Linea semilunaris Planum cutaneum Sulcus solearis medialis Sulcus solearis lateralis Foramen soleare axiale” Foramen soleare abaxiale”? Foramen soleare mediale”? Foramen soleare laterale”? Canalis solearis Margo coronalis Crista unguicularis Sulcus unguicularis Processus extensorius Margo solearis (Crena marginis solearis)? Apex Cartilago ungularis medialis Cartilago ungularis lateralis Ossa sesamoidea proximalia Facies articularis Facies flexoria Facies m. interossei Os sesamoideum distale Facies flexoria Facies articularis Margo proximalis Margo distalis Ossa sesamoidea dorsalia OSSA MEMBRI PELVINI Cingulum membri pelvini Os coxae Acetabulum Margo acetabuli Fossa acetabuli Incisura acetabuli 23 Click on term to read footnote NOMINA ANATOMICA VETERINARIA (2005) OSTEOLOGIA Facies lunata** Pars major Pars minor Spina ischiadica Foramen obturatum Os iliumé Corpus ossis ilii Area lateralis m. recti femoris Area medialis m. recti femoris [Spina iliaca ventralis caudalis] Ala ossis ilii Spina alaris Crista iliaca Tuber coxae Spina iliaca ventralis cranialis Labium internum Labium externum Tuber sacrale Spina iliaca dorsalis cranialis Spina iliaca dorsalis caudalis Facies glutea [glutaea] Lineae gluteae [glutaeae] Linea glutea [glutaea] ventralis Linea glutea [glutaea] caudalis Linea glutea [glutaea] dorsalis (or) Linea glutea [glutaea] accessoria (eq, bo) Facies sacropelvina Facies iliaca Facies auricularis Tuberositas iliaca Linea arcuata Tuberculum m. psoas minoris Incisura ischiadica major Os ischii Corpus ossis ischii”” Tabula ossis ischii Ramus oss Facies symphysialis Tuber ischiadicum Incisura ischiadica minor pubis Ramus cranialis ossis pubis Ramus caudalis ossis pubis Facies symphysialis Pecten ossis pubis Eminentia iliopubica Tuberculum pubicum dorsale Tuberculum pubicum ventrale Sulcus obturatorius Sulcus ligamenti accessorii ossis femoris (eg) Pelvis Arcus ischiadicus Crista symphysialis Cavum pelvis Linea terminalis Apertura pelvis cranialis Apertura pelvis caudalis Axis pelvis Solum pelvis osseum?” Diameter conjugata* Diameter transversa Diameter verticalis”* Inclinatio pelvis** Skeleton femoris Os femoris [Femur] Caput ossis femoris Fovea capitis Collum ossis femoris Trochanter major Pars cranialis Pars caudalis Incisura trochanterica Fossa trochanterica Trochanter minor Linea intertrochanterica Crista intertrochanterica Corpus ossis femoris Trochanter tertius Facies aspera Labium laterale Labium mediale Tuberositas glutea [glutaea] Tuberositas m. bicipitis Fossa supracondylaris” Tuberositas supracondylaris lateralis” Tuberositas supracondylaris medialis*” Facies poplitea Condylus medialis Facies articularis sesamoidea medialis Epicondylus medialis Condylus lateralis 24 Click on term to read footnote NOMINA ANATOMICA VETERINARIA (2005) OSTEOLOGIA Notes to Osteologia 1 Metaphysis, Cartilago physialis, Linea physialis. The Metaphysis is the flared end of the Diaphysis where calcified cartilage is replaced by bone. The Cartilago physialis is the plate of growing and calcifying cartilage between the Epiphysis and the Metaphysis during growth. The Linea physialis is the radiopaque lamina of dense bone in the plane of fusion of the epiphysis and diaphysis - the vestige of the Cartilago physialis. Cartilago epiphysialis. The meaning of this term has been changed from that of previous editions to agree with current concepts in bone research. The Cartilago epiphysialis completely surrounds the Centrum ossificationis secundarium. It is histologically and functionally distinct from the Cartilago articularis and the Cartilago physialis. Centrum ossificationis primarium, secundarium. A primary center is in the diaphysis; a secondary center is in an epiphysis. Foramen lacerum. For comparative reasons this term can only be used for the opening between the Os temporale, Os basisphenoidale, and Os occipitale (formerly the Foramen lacerum orale of the pig and horse). That which was formerly called Foramen lacerum aborale is the Foramen jugulare. Fissura palatina. In domestic mammals the Ductus incisivus is considerably better developed than in man. It is not accommodated in a Canalis incisivus, as in man, but in the Fissura palatina. Impressiones rugales. This term denotes the distinct impressions, corresponding to the Rugae palatinae, in older swine and horses. Torus palatinus, (Crista palatina). In accordance with the N. A. the first term denotes a median low ridge on the oral surface of the Palatum osseum. Crista palatina, however, refers in the N. A. to a transverse crest, which is present among domestic mammals only occasionally in the pig. See Os palatinum. Recessus maxillaris. In Carnivora there is no Sinus maxillaris enclosed in the Maxilla; the Recessus is bounded medially by the Lamina orbitalis of the Os ethmoidale and laterally by the Maxilla and Os palatinum and in the dog also by the Os lacrimale. This term appears under Facies because the recess is formed by several bones. Fissura nasomaxillaris, Fissura nasolacrimalis. The spaces that remain in Ruminantia between the Os nasale on the one hand, and the Maxilla and the Os lacrimale on the other, cannot be regarded as Fonticuli and are called Fissurae. Foramina ethmoidalia. There are usually two Foramina ethmoidalia present on each side in the dog. Sometimes one is situated rostral to the other, but often it is dorsal. They are not homologous with the Foramen ethmoidale anterius and Foramen ethmoidale posterius of man. Therefore they are not listed separately. Impressio pontina, Impressio medullaris. The Pons and the Medulla oblongata leave distinct impressions on the occipital bone in some domestic mammals, but not in man. 27 Click on term to read footnote NOMINA ANATOMICA VETERINARIA (2005) OSTEOLOGIA 20 21 Sinus sphenoidalis, Sinus frontalis, Sinus lacrimalis, Sinus maxillaris, Sinus palatinus. Each sinus is listed under all the bones that it excavates in any species of domestic mammals. The special designations of the various Sinus frontales are listed under Apparatus respiratorius (See there note 36). The plurals Sinus frontales, Septa sinuum frontalium and the Aperturae sinuum frontalium under Os frontale indicate that in many species there are more than one Sinus frontalis on each side. Processus paracondylaris. The Processus jugularis projects from the base of the occipital condyle in a lateral direction in man as well as in domestic mammals. From this projects, in domestic mammals, an apophysis for muscular attachment - the Processus paracondylaris - which is not homologous with the Processus paramastoideus of man. Processus interparietalis. This portion of the occipital bone extends between the parietal bones and is formed by the prenatal fusion of the interparietal bone with the Squama occipitalis in the dog. Crista nuchae, Linea nuchae. Crista nuchae describes the sharp crest found in Carnivora, rabbit, pig, and horse, which corresponds to the Linea nuchae of Ruminantia and to the Linea nuchae superior of man. The qualifying "superior" is unnecessary, because a Linea nuchae inferior is not present in Ruminantia. Linea temporalis. The border of the Fossa temporalis to which the fascia of M. temporalis is attached is the Linea temporalis. The part on the Os frontale was formerly Crista frontalis (externa); the part on the Os parietale, in English textbooks, Crista parietalis, and in German textbooks, Crista frontalis externa. This line is continued on the Os interparietale and Os occipitale and is denoted in all the bones by the N. A. term Linea temporalis. It may fuse with the Crista sagittalis externa to some extent, but is not identical with it. Foramen sinus sagittalis dorsalis. This opening is located on the rostral surface of the Processus tentoricus in Carnivora. The sagittal sinus joins the transverse sinus via this foramen. Impressio vermialis. This term denotes the impression made by the Vermis cerebelli in domestic mammals, but not in man. Os basisphenoidale, Os presphenoidale [prae-]. The sphenoid bones fuse at an early age in man, but not in domestic mammals, except in the pig. They remain separated by the intersphenoidal synchondrosis and do not fuse earlier than the Os basisphenoidale and the Os occipitale. Therefore they are listed as separate bones, each with a body and a pair of wings. Apex partis petrosae. This is directed rostroventrally. Fossa cerebellaris. The depression above the Meatus acusticus internus does not accommodate the Flocculus, but other parts of the cerebellum. Canalis musculotubarius. In domestic mammals the muscle involved is not M. tensor tympani, as in man, but M. tensor veli palatini, whose tendon accompanies the Tuba auditiva through the canal. The canal is formed by the Pars tympanica in the pig and the horse, and by the Pars tympanica and the Os basisphenoidale in Carnivora and Ruminantia. 28 Click on term to read footnote NOMINA ANATOMICA VETERINARIA (2005) OSTEOLOGIA 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 Pars endotympanica. This is present in the cat and forms the large medial part of the Bulla tympanica. It is not to be regarded as a part of the pars tympanica, which ossifies directly from connective tissue, whereas the Pars endotympanica is preformed in cartilage. The Septum bullae in the cat is formed by the Pars tympanica as well as by the Pars endotympanica. Processus occipitalis. This term is more specific than the name Processus caudalis, because the process forms a suture with the Os occipitale. Crista tentorica. The Tentorium cerebelli in the pig, sheep, and goat is attached to a crest of the Pars squamosa. Margo interparietalis. This term denotes the margin of the Os parietale which borders on the Os interparietale. Crista frontalis. The qualifying "intema" is unnecessary because the feature that was designated Crista frontalis externa is now listed as Linea temporalis. Lamina tectoria, Lamina basalis. These terms describe the upper and lower plates, respectively, which connect the Lamina orbitalis with the Lamina perpendicularis, and which form the roof and the floor of the Labyrinthus ethmoidalis. They are not present in man. Sulcus supraorbitalis. In the pig the Sulcus supraorbitalis extends onto the Os nasale. Crista ethmoidalis. The crest to which the Concha nasalis dorsalis is attached continues in domestic mammals onto the Os nasale. This is not the case in man. Facies orbitalis. This is the surface of the Maxilla which, in the cat, and to a lesser extent also in the horse, forms part of the wall of the orbit. Canales alveolares. This term applies to all canals containing the alveolar and dental branches of nerves and vessels. Hiatus maxillaris. This is the name given to the wide opening into the Sinus maxillaris which remains after the removal of the Os ethmoidale and the Os conchae nasalis ventralis. It is bounded solely by the Maxilla. Crista ethmoidalis. The line of attachment of the Concha nasalis dorsalis also runs across the Maxilla in Camnivora and swine. Foramina mentalia lateralia, Foramen mentale mediale. These terms refer only to the pig, in which a foramen is also present on the medial surface of the body of the mandible. Fossa pterygoidea, Fovea pterygoidea. Fossa pterygoidea is the area of termination of M. pterygoideus medialis, whereas Fovea pterygoidea is that of M. pterygoideus lateralis. Apparatus hyoideus [Os hyoideum]. As alternatives to the terms of the N.A., the comparative anatomical terms, Apparatus hyoideus, Basihyoideum, Ceratohyoideum, and Thyrohyoideum, were adopted because they correspond better to the following four terms. 29 Click on term to read footnote NOMINA ANATOMICA VETERINARIA (2005) OSTEOLOGIA 60 60a 61 62 63 64 65 Tuberculum trochleae ossis femoris. This term denotes the eminence on the medial side of the proximal end of the medial ridge of the Trochlea in the horse. These sesamoid bones are often called “Fabellae” in veterinary medicine. Margo medialis, lateralis. These borders are present on the fibula of the pig and on the proximal half of the fibula of Camnivora. Between these borders is the Facies caudalis. Facies articulares malleoli. The plural is used because articulating surfaces for Tibia, Talus and Calcaneus are present in Carnivora and the pig. Sulcus malleolaris. This term denotes the Sulcus on the lateral surface of the Malleolus lateralis in Ungulata. In Camnivora there are two Sulci on the Malleolus lateralis. The one on the lateral surface of the Malleolus serves for the tendon of M. peron. longus, the other on its caudal border gives passage to the tendons of the M. extensor digit. lateralis and M. peron. brevis. Sulcus tendinis m. flexoris digit. lateralis, Canalis tarsi. The Sulcus, together with the Retinaculum flexorum, forms a tunnel similar to the Canalis carpi. The Canalis tarsi, however, is the vascular canal for the perforating tarsal vessels between the third and fourth tarsal bones in Ungulata. Os sesamoideum metatarsale. This term has been introduced with reference to Artiodactyla. In Ruminantia this bone has been termed Os metatarsale II in textbooks of veterinary anatomy, but in fact it is a sesamoid bone. 32 Click on term to read footnote NOMINA ANATOMICA VETERINARIA (2005) OSTEOLOGIA 33 Click on term to read footnote NOMINA ANATOMICA VETERINARIA (2005) ARTHROLOGIA ARTHROLOGIA ARTICULATIONES!' Articulationes fibrosae Syndesmosis Sutura Sutura serrata Sutura squamosa Sutura foliata Sutura plana Schindylesis Gomphosis [Articulatio dentoalveolaris] Periodontium Articulationes cartilagineae Synchondrosis Symphysis Articulationes synoviales! Articulatio simplex Articulatio composita Articulatio plana Articulatio spheroidea [sphaeroidea, cotylica] Articulatio ellipsoidea Ginglymus Articulatio condylaris Articulatio trochoidea Articulatio sellaris Cartilago articularis Fossae synoviales (Un) Cavum articulare Discus articularis Meniscus articularis Labrum articulare Capsula articularis Stratum fibrosum Stratum synoviale Plica synovialis Villi synoviales Synovia Ligamenta Ligg. extracapsularia Ligg. capsularia Ligg. intracapsularia SUTURAE CAPITIS Sutura coronalis Sutura sagittalis? Sutura lambdoidea Sutura occipitointerparietalis Sutura occipitosquamosa Sutura occipitomastoidea Sutura occipitotympanica Sutura sphenofrontalis Sutura sphenoethmoidalis Sutura sphenosquamosa Sutura sphenoparietalis Sutura sphenopalatina Sutura ptery gopalatina Sutura ptery gosphenoidalis Sutura squamosa Sutura interfrontalis? Sutura squamosomastoidea Sutura squamosofrontalis Sutura frontonasalis Sutura frontoethmoidalis Sutura frontomaxillaris Sutura frontolacrimalis Sutura frontozygomatica Sutura frontopalatina Sutura zygomaticomaxillaris Sutura vomeropalatina Sutura vomeromaxillaris Sutura vomeroincisiva Sutura vomerosphenoidalis Sutura vomeroethmoidalis Sutura ethmoidomaxillaris Sutura ethmoidonasalis Sutura sphenomaxillaris Sutura temporozygomatica Sutura internasalis Sutura nasomaxillaris Sutura nasoincisiva Sutura lacrimomaxillaris Sutura lacrimoconchalis Sutura lacrimozy gomatica Sutura nasolacrimalis Sutura interincisiva Sutura maxilloincisiva Sutura palatomaxillaris Sutura palatolacrimalis Sutura palatoethmoidalis Sutura palatina mediana Sutura palatina transversa 33 Click on term to read footnote NOMINA ANATOMICA VETERINARIA (2005) ARTHROLOGIA Lig. intersesamoideum interdigitale? Lig. sesamoideum rectum Ligg. sesamoidea obliqua Ligg. sesamoidea brevia Ligg. sesamoidea cruciata Ligg. phalangosesamoidea interdigitalia (bo) Lig. metacarpeum transversum profundum?” Lig. interdigitale proximale? Articulationes interphalangeae proximales manus Capsulae articulares Recessus dorsales Recessus palmares Ligg. collateralia Lig. collaterale commune axiale' Ligg. palmaria 2a Articulationes interphalangeae distales manus Capsulae articulares Recessus dorsales Recessus palmares Ligg. collateralia Lig. collaterale commune axiale?* Ligg. dorsalia Ligg. interdigitalia distalia Ligg. sesamoidea collateralia? Lig. sesamoideum distale impar Lig. sesamoideum distale axiale Lig. sesamoideum distale abaxiale Ligg. chondrocompedalia?”! Ligg. chondrocoronalia Ligg. chondrosesamoidea Ligg. chondroungularia collateralia Ligg. chondroungularia cruciata ARTICULATIONES MEMBRI PELVINI Membrana obturatoria Canalis obturatorius Lig. sacrotuberale (ca) Lig. sacrotuberale latum? (Lig. sacroischiadicum) Foramen ischiadicum majus Foramen ischiadicum minus Articulatio sacroiliaca Ligg. sacroilaca ventralia Ligg. sacroilaca interossea Ligg. sacroiliaca dorsalia Symphysis pelvina Symphysis pubica Symphysis ischiadica (Lig. pubicum craniale)* Lig. arcuatum ischiadicum Lamina fibrocartilaginea intercoxalis Articulatio coxae Capsula articularis Zona orbicularis Lig. iliofemorale Lig. ischiofemorale Lig. pubofemorale Labrum acetabulare Lig. transversum acetabuli Lig. capitis ossis femoris” Lig. accessorium ossis femoris (eq, or) Articulatio genus Articulatio femorotibialis Capsula articularis Meniscus lateralis Lig. meniscofemorale Meniscus medialis Lig. transversum genus Lig. meniscotibiale Ligg. cruciata genus Lig. cruciatum craniale Lig. cruciatum caudale Lig. collaterale laterale Lig. collaterale mediale Lig. popliteum obliquum? Articulatio femoropatellaris Capsula articularis Fibrocartilagines parapatellares Lig. patellae 36 Click on term to read footnote NOMINA ANATOMICA VETERINARIA (2005) ARTHROLOGIA Lig. patellae intermedium?” Retinaculum patellae mediale Lig. femoropatellare mediale Lig. patellae mediale”? Retinaculum patellae laterale Lig. femoropatellare laterale Lig. patellae laterale”? Corpus adiposum infrapatellare Articulatio tibiofibularis proximalis Capsula articularis Lig. capitis fibulae craniale Lig. capitis fibulae caudale Membrana interossea cruris Articulatlo tibiofibularis distalis Capsula articularis Lig. tibiofibulare craniale Lig. tibiofibulare caudale ARTICULATIONES PEDIS” Articulatio tarsi Lig. collaterale tarsi mediale” Lig. collaterale tarsi mediale longum Lig. collaterale tarsi mediale breve Pars tibiotalaris Pars tibiocalcanea Pars tibiocentralis [tibionavicularis] Lig. collaterale tarsi laterale”! Lig. collaterale tarsi laterale longum Lig. collaterale tarsi laterale breve Pars talofibularis Pars tibiotalaris” Pars calcaneofibularis Pars tibiocalcanea”? Pars calcaneometatarsea” Articulatio tarsocruralis Capsula articularis Lig. talofibulare plantare Lig. tibiotalare plantare (su, or) Articulationes intertarseae Articulatio talocalcaneocentralis [talocalcaneonavicularis)* Articulatio talocalcanea Capsula articularis Lig. talocalcaneum laterale Lig. talocalcaneum plantare Articulatio calcaneoquartalis [calcaneocuboidea] Capsula articularis Articulatio centrodistalis [cuneonavicularis] Capsula articularis Ligg. tarsi interossea Lig. talocalcaneum interosseum Lig. talocentrale [talonaviculare] interosseum (eq) Lig. centrodistale [cuneonaviculare) interosseum Lig. calcaneoquartale [calcaneo-cuboideum] interosseum Lig. centroquartale [cuboideonaviculare] interosseum Lig. quartodistale [cuneocuboideum] interosseum Ligg. interdistalia [intercuneiformia] interossea Ligg. tarsi dorsalia Lig. talocentrodistometatarseum [talo- naviculocuneometatarseum)** Ligg. interdistalia [intercuneiformia] dorsalia Lig. quartodistale [cuneocuboideum] dorsale Lig. centroquartale [cuboideonaviculare] dorsale Lig. calcaneocentrale [calcaneonaviculare] dorsale Lig. calcaneoquartale [calcaneocuboideum] dorsale Ligg. centrodistalia [cuneonavicularia] dorsalia (Car) Ligg. tarsi plantaria Lig. plantare longum Lig. calcaneoquartale [calcaneocuboideum] plantare 37 Click on term to read footnote NOMINA ANATOMICA VETERINARIA (2005) * Lig. calcaneocentrale [calcaneonaviculare) plantare Ligg. centrodistalia [cuneonavicularia] plantaria Lig. centroquartale [cuboideonaviculare] plantare Ligg. interdistalia [intercuneiformia] Pplantaria Lig. quartodistale [cuneocuboideum] plantare Articulationes tarsometatarseae Capsulae articulares Ligg. tarsometatarsea dorsalia Ligg. tarsometatarsea plantaria Ligg. tarsometatarsea [cuneometatarsea] interossea Articulationes intermetatarseae Capsulae articulares Ligg. metatarsea interossea Ligg. metatarsea dorsalia Ligg. metatarsea plantaria Spatia interossea metatarsi Articulationes metatarsophalangeae (vide Articulationes membri thoracici, sed) Recessus plantares Ligg. plantaria' Lig. metatarsointersesamoideum Lig. metatarseum transversum profundum?! Articulationes interphalangeae pedis (vide Articulationes membri thoracici, sed) Recessus plantares Ligg. plantaria ARTHROLOGIA 38 Click on term to read footnote NOMINA ANATOMICA VETERINARIA (2005) ARTHROLOGIA 25 Lig. sacrotuberale latum. This ligament, present in Ungulata, corresponds only to the Lig. sacrotuberale of man and not to the Lig. sacrospinale. 26 (Lig. pubicum craniale). Transverse fibers connecting one Os pubis with the other across the cranial end of the symphysis occur occasionally, but only in the dog. They are not to be confused with the Tendo prepubicus. 27 Lig. capitis ossis femoris. This term is more descriptive than Lig. teres femoris. 28 Lig. popliteum obliquum. This reinforcement of the caudal part of the fibrous capsule runs in the lateroproximal-mediodistal direction. 29 Lig. patellae intermedium, mediale, laterale. These terms should be used only in the horse and OX. 30 Articulationes pedis. This is the heading for all joints of the foot. Articulatio tarsi includes the joints between the Skeleton cruris, the Ossa tarsi, and the Ossa metatarsalia. The most proximal joint is termed the Articulatio tarsocruralis because in domestic mammals, except the horse, both Talus and Calcaneus articulate with the Skeleton cruris. 31 Lig. collaterale tarsi mediale, laterale. The Lig. collaterale tarsi mediale corresponds partly to the Lig. deltoideum of man, but it has a different name because it has additional bundles, attached proximally to the tibia and distally to the metatarsus. These are named Lig. collaterale tarsi mediale longum. The short parts are named according to the bones they connect, as in the N.A. Asa collective term for them "Lig. collaterale tarsi mediale breve" was introduced. The same applies to the Lig. collaterale tarsi laterale. 32 Pars tibiotalaris, Pars tibiocalcanea. These terms are listed here because the Malleolus lateralis of the horse is part of the tibia although it develops from an ossification center of the fibula. 33 Pars calcaneometatarsea. This structure, occurring in Carnivora and pig was formerly designated the Pars distalis of the Lig. collaterale laterale breve. 34 Articulatio talocalcaneocentralis. This term is necessary because, in domestic mammals as well as man, the cavity of the joint between the Talus and the Os tarsi centrale extends also between the Talus and Calcaneus. 35 Lig. talocentrodistometatarseum. This term replaces the former Lig. dorsale obliquum. 41 Click on term to read footnote NOMINA ANATOMICA VETERINARIA (2005) ARTHROLOGIA 42 Click on term to read footnote NOMINA ANATOMICA VETERINARIA (2005) MYOLOGIA MYOLOGIA Musculus Caput Venter Cauda Musculus fusiformis Musculus quadratus Musculus triangularis Musculus planus Musculus unipennatus Musculus bipennatus Musculus multipennatus Musculus flexor Musculus extensor Musculus abductor Musculus adductor Musculus rotator Musculus pronator Musculus supinator Musculus dilatator Musculus tensor Musculus depressor Musculus levator Musculus retractor Musculus protractor Musculus sphincter Musculus orbicularis Musculus articularis Musculus skeleti Origo Terminatio Musculus cutaneus Tendo Peritendineum Aponeurosis Perimysium Fascia Intersectio tendinea Arcus tendineus Vagina fibrosa tendinis Vagina synovialis tendinis Mesotendineum Trochlea muscularis Bursa synovialis MUSCULI CUTANEI' M. cutaneus trunci M. cutaneus omobrachialis M. preputialis [prae-] cranialis M. preputialis [prae-] caudalis M. supramammarius cranialis (Car) M. supramammarius caudalis (Car) M. sphincter colli superficialis Platysma M. cutaneus colli M. cutaneus faciei M. sphincter colli profundus MUSCULI CAPITIS rectus capitis ventralis rectus capitis dorsalis major rectus capitis dorsalis minor rectus capitis lateralis obliquus capitis cranialis obliquus capitis caudalis longus capitis frontalis? occipitalis? lateralis nasi dilatator naris apicalis . orbicularis oculi Pars palpebralis Pars orbitalis M. levator anguli oculi medialis M. retractor anguli oculi lateralis M. malaris Mm. auriculares rostrales Mm. scutuloauriculares superficiales Mm. scutuloauriculares profundi M. frontoscutularis M. zygomaticoscutularis M. zygomaticoauricularis Mm. auriculares dorsales M. interscutularis M. parietoscutularis M. parietoauricularis Mm. auriculares caudales M. cervicoscutularis M. cervicoauricularis superficiais M. cervicoauricularis medius EEESSLESScELS 42 Click on term to read footnote NOMINA ANATOMICA VETERINARIA (2005) MYOLOGIA Canalis inguinalis [Spatium inguinale] Anulus inguinalis profundus” Anulus inguinalis superficialis Crus mediale Crus laterale Fibrae intercrurales Lamina femoralis MUSCULI CAUDAE [COCCYGIS] M. coccygeus M. sacrocaudalis [-coccy geus] ventralis medialis M. sacrocaudalis [-coccy geus] ventralis lateralis M. sacrocaudalis [-coccy geus] dorsalis medialis M. sacrocaudalis [-coccy geus] dorsalis lateralis Mm. intertransversarii ventrales caudae [coceygis] Mm. intertransversarii dorsales caudae [coceygis] Fascia caudae [coccygis] MUSCULI MEMBRI THORACICI M. deltoideus Pars scapularis Pars acromialis Pars clavicularis [M. cleidobrachialis] M. supraspinatus M. infraspinatus M. teres minor M. teres major M. M. M. M. IO . subscapularis . articularis humeri (fe, su, eq) . coracobrachialis . biceps brachii Retinaculum transversum Lacertus fibrosus M. brachialis M. triceps brachii Caput longum Caput laterale Caput mediale Caput accessorium M. anconeus [anconaeus] M. tensor fasciae antebrachii M. pronator teres M. flexor carpi radialis M. flexor carpi ulnaris Caput humerale Caput ulnare M. flexor digitorum [digitalis] superficialis Lig. accessorium" Manica flexoria” M. flexor digitorum [digitalis] profundus Caput humerale Caput radiale Caput ulnare Lig. accessorium" Lamina transversa” Mm. interflexorii M. pronator quadratus M. brachioradialis extensor carpi radialis extensor carpi radialis longus" extensor carpi radialis brevis” extensor digitorum [digitalis] communis Caput accessorium (Ru, eq) "* extensor digitorum [digitalis] lateralis Caput accessorium (ov, cap, eq)" extensor carpi ulnaris [M. ulnaris lateralis] supinator abductor digiti I [pollicis] longus [M. extensor carpi obliquus] extensor digiti I [pollicis] extensor digiti II flexor digitorum brevis abductor digiti I [pollicis] brevis flexor digiti I [pollicis] brevis adductor digiti I [pollicis] abductor digiti II flexor digiti II adductor digiti II abductor digiti V flexor digiti V adductor digiti V Mm. lumbricales Mm. interossei SEERESSEESSEE SEE <£ ELLE Fascia axillaris lateralis Fascia axillaris medialis Fascia brachii Lamina superficialis 45 Click on term to read footnote NOMINA ANATOMICA VETERINARIA (2005) MYOLOGIA Lamina profunda Fascia antebrachii Lamina superficialis Lamina profunda Fascia dorsalis manus Retinaculum extensorum Fascia palmaris manus Retinaculum flexorum Canalis carpi Fascia digiti Lig. metacarpeum transversum superficiale [Lig. anulare palmare] Vaginae fibrosae digitorum manus Pars anularis vaginae fibrosae [Lig. anulare digiti] Pars cruciformis vaginae fibrosae Scutum proximale” Scutum medium” Scutum distale” Vaginae synoviales tendinum digitorum manus Vincula tendinum MUSCULI MEMBRI PELVINI M. iliopsoas M. iliacus M. psoas major M. psoas minor M. gluteus [glutaeus] superficialis M. gluteofemoralis [glutaeo-]'º M. gluteobiceps [glutaeobiceps] M. gluteus [glutaeus] medius M. gluteus [glutaeus] accessorius M. gluteus [glutaeus] profundus M. tensor fasciae latae M. piriformis M. obturatorius internus” Mm. gemelli M. quadratus femoris M. sartorius Pars cranialis (ca) Pars caudalis (ca) M. articularis coxae (Car, eq) M. quadriceps femoris M. rectus femoris M. vastus lateralis M. vastus intermedius M. vastus medialis M. articularis genus (Car) M. pectineus M. gracilis Tendo symphysialis!* M. adductor M. adductor longus M. adductor brevis M. adductor magnus M. obturatorius externus Pars intrapelvina” M. biceps femoris abductor cruris caudalis (Car) semitendinosus semimembranosus tibialis cranialis extensor digitorum [digitalis] longus . fibularis [peroneus, peronaeus] tertius . extensor digiti I [hallucis] longus (Car, su, ov) . fibularis [peroneus, peronaeus] longus . extensor digitorum [digitalis] lateralis . fibularis [peroneus, peronaeus] brevis . triceps surae M. gastrocnemius Caput laterale Caput mediale M. soleus Tendo calcaneus communis”? M. flexor digitorum [digitalis] superficialis Manica flexoria”? M. popliteus Mm. flexores digitorum [digitalis] profundi M. flexor digitorum [digitalis] lateralis?” M. flexor digitorum [digitalis] medialis” M. tibialis caudalis?! Tendo communis Lig. accessorium"! Mm. interflexorii M. extensor digitorum [digitalis] brevis M. abductor digiti I [hallucis] M. flexor digiti I [hallucis] brevis M. adductor digiti I [hallucis] M. abductor digiti II M. M. M. M. M. ERES EESAKEE . adductor digiti II . abductor digiti V . adductor digiti V . flexor digitorum [digitalis] brevis . quadratus plantae [M. flexor accessorius] Mm. lumbricales 46 Click on term to read footnote NOMINA ANATOMICA VETERINARIA (2005) MYOLOGIA Mm. interossei Fascia glutea [glutaea] Fascia lata Lamina superficialis Lamina profunda Fascia iliaca Lacuna musculorum Lacuna vasorum Anulus femoralis Septum femorale Trigonum femorale Canalis femoralis Fascia cruris Lamina superficialis Lamina profunda Lamina propria Retinaculum extensorum crurale Retinaculum extensorum tarsale Retinaculum extensorum metatarsale Retinaculum mm. fibularium [peron.] Retinaculum flexorum Fascia dorsalis pedis Fascia plantaris Fascia digiti Lig. metatarseum transversum superficiale [Lig. anulare plantare) Vaginae fibrosae digitorum pedis! Pars anularis vaginae fibrosae [Lig. anulare digiti] Pars cruciformis vaginae fibrosae Scutum proximale é Scutum medium” Scutum distale É Vaginae synoviales tendinum digitorum pedis Vincula tendinum BURSAE ET VAGINAE SYNOVIALES Bursa synovialis subcutanea Bursa synovialis submuscularis Bursa synovialis subfascialis Bursa synovialis subtendinea Bursa synovialis subligamentosa Vagina synovialis tendinis Bursae et vaginae synoviales capitis, colli, et trunci Vag. synovialis m. obliqui dorsalis B. m. tensoris veli palatini Vag. tendinis m. digastrici B. subligamentosa supraspinalis B. subligamentosa nuchalis cranialis B. subligamentosa nuchalis caudalis Bursae et vaginae synoviales membri thoracici B. subcutanea prescapularis [prae-] (eq) B. subdeltoidea B. subtendinea m. coracobrachialis Vag. synovialis m. coracobrachialis B. subtendinea m. infraspinati B. subtendinea m. supraspinati (su) B. subtendinea m. subscapulari B. B. subtendinea m. teretis majoris (su) subtendinea m. teretis minoris Vag. synovialis intertubercularis B. intertubercularis B. subcutanea olecrani B. intratendinea olecrani B. subtendinea m. tricipitis brachii B. bicipitoradialis B. subtendinea m. brachialis B. subcutanea precarpalis [prae-] Vag. tendinis m. abductoris digiti I [pollicis] longi [m. extensoris carpi obliqui] B. subtendinea m. abductoris digiti I [pollicis] longi [m. extensoris carpi obliqui] (bo, eq) Vag. tendinis m. extensoris carpi radialis Vag. tendinum m. extensoris digit. communis Vag. tendinis m. extensoris digit. lateralis manus Vag. tendinis m. extensoris carpi ulnaris [m. ulnaris lateralis] B. subtendinea m. extensoris carpi ulnaris [m. ulnaris lateralis] B. subtendinea m. extensoris carpi radialis Vag. tendinis m. flexoris carpi radialis Vag. synovialis communis mm. flexorum? B. subtendinea m. flexoris digit. profundi?? Bb. m. flexoris digit. superficialis? Vag. tendinis m. flexoris carpi ulnaris (Car) B. subtendinea m. extensoris digit. communis (Ru, eq) B. subtendinea m. extensoris digit. lateralis manus (Ru, eg) 47 Click on term to read footnote NOMINA ANATOMICA VETERINARIA (2005) MYOLOGIA q 12 12a 13a 13b Lig. accessorium was formerly termed the check ligament, or Caput radiale of the superficial digital flexor tendon, and Caput tendineum of the deep digital flexor tendon. Manica flexoria. The sleeve formed by each tendon of M. flexor digit. superficialis around the corresponding tendon of M. flexor digit. profundus at the level of the Articulatio metacarpophalangea and metatarsophalangea. This is a connective tissue attachment (with an abundance of elastic fibers) of the tendon of M. flexor digit. profundus to the palmar/plantar surface of Phalanx media in ruminants and the horse. It separates the Vagina synovialis tendinum digitorum manus/pedis from the Bursa podotrochlearis manus/pedis. M. extensor carpi radialis longus, M. extensor carpi radialis brevis. These muscles are separate in the cat and partially fused in the dog. Caput accessorium of M. extensor digitorum communis is present in ruminants and the horse as a vestige of the former “Muscle of Thiernesse”. Caput accessorium of M. extensor digitorum lateralis of the ruminants and the horse was formerly called the “Muscle of Phillips”. Vaginae fibrosae digitorum. The Vagina fibrosa of each digit consists of parts with transverse fibers and parts with crossed fibers. The N. A. terms (listed under Bursae et Vaginae Synoviales) are employed for both types, and the term Lig. anulare digiti is retained as a synonym for the transverse bands. Scutum proximale, medium, distale. The scuta provide gliding surfaces for the flexor tendons. TheScutum proximale is the fibrocartilaginous palmar or plantar surface of the Lig. palmare or Lig.plantare. The Scutum medium and Scutum distale are fibrocartilaginous plates that cover the palmaror plantar surfaces of the proximal part of the Phalanx media and the Os sesamoideum distale, and also extend proximal to the respective bones. M. gluteofemoralis [glutaeo-]. This term designates the muscle that was formerly named M. caudofemoralis or M. abductor cruris cranialis. M. obturatorius internus, Pars intrapelvina m. obturatorii externi. The first term should be used to refer only to the muscle in Carnivora and the horse, which is innervated by a branch of N.ischiadicus and which passes through the Incisura ischiadica minor. The second term is applied to the muscle in Artiodactyla because it is innervated by a branch of N. obturatorius and it passes through the Foramen obturatum. 50 Click on term to read footnote NOMINA ANATOMICA VETERINARIA (2005) MYOLOGIA 20 21 22 23 Tendo symphysialis. This term designates the median tendon of origin of M. adductor and M. gracilis. Tendo calcaneus communis. This is a convenient designation for the aggregated tendons in the distal part of the crus which are attached to the Tuber calcanei in domestic mammals. Tt includes the tendons of the Mm. flexor digit. superficialis, triceps surae, biceps femoris, and semitendinosus, and is bound down by the Lamina propria fasciae cruris. M. flexor digitorum [digitalis] lateralis, M. flexor digitorum [digitalis] medialis. Lateralis and medialis refer to the position of the muscle bellies. M. tibialis caudalis. In Camivora the tendon of this muscle has an independent termination on the medial surface of the tarsus and does not contribute to the formation of the common deep digital flexor tendon. Vag. synovialis communis mm. flexorum, B. subtendinea m. flexoris digitorum [digitalis] profundi, Bb. m. flexoris digitorum [digitalis] superficialis. The first term refers to the carpal sheath of the flexor tendonds in the horse. The second term refers to the carpal bursa of the deep digital flexor in Carnivora and Artiodactyla. The last term designates the carpal bursae of both parts of the superficial digital flexor in Ruminantia. B. subtendinea iliaca. This is under the tendon of termination of M. iliopsoas in the ox. 51 Click on term to read footnote NOMINA ANATOMICA VETERINARIA (2005) MYOLOGIA 52 Click on term to read footnote NOMINA ANATOMICA VETERINARIA (2005) SPLANCHNOLOGIA Ostium pharyngeum tubae auditivae Torus tubarius Torus levatorius Tonsilla tubaria Recessus pharyngeus” (Bursa pharyngea)" Diverticulum pharyngeum” Ostium intrapharyngeum Palatum molle [Velum palatinum] Uvula [palatina] (su) Arceus palatoglossus Arcus palatopharyngeus!! Isthmus faucium” Pars oralis pharyngis! Fauces" Tonsilla palatina Folliculi tonsillares” Fossulae tonsillares Cryptae tonsillares Lymphonoduli [Noduli Iymphatici]? Sinus tonsillaris! Capsula tonsillaris Plica semilunaris” Fossa tonsillaris'º Fossa supratonsillaris Tonsilla veli palatini (su, eq) Tonsilla paraepiglottica (fe, su, ov, cap) Sulcus tonsillaris (su) Vallecula epiglottica Plica glossoepiglottica mediana Plica glossoepiglottica lateralis Pars laryngea pharyngis Recessus piriformis Vestibulum esophagi [Pars esophagea, oesophagea] Limen pharyngoesophageum [-oesophageum] (Car) Fascia pharyngobasilaris Tela submucosa Tunica mucosa Gil. pharyngeae Tunica muscularis pharyngis Raphe [Rhaphe] pharyngis Mm. constrictores pharyngis rostrales'* M. ptery gopharyngeus M. stylopharyngeus rostralis M. stylopharyngeus caudalis”” M. hyopharyngeus [M. constrictor pharyngis medius)” Mm. constrictores pharyngis caudales M. thyropharyngeus [thyreo-] M. cricopharyngeus Spatium retropharyngeum Spatium lateropharyngeum Musculi palati et faucium Aponeurosis palatina M. levator veli palatini M. tensor veli palatini M. palatinus M. palatopharyngeus * CANALIS ALLMENTARIUS ESOPHAGUS [OESOPHAGUS] Pars cervicalis Pars thoracica Pars abdominalis Tunica adventitia Tunica muscularis Tendo cricoesophageus [-oesophageus] M. esophageus [oesophageus] longitudinalis dorsalis M. esophageus [oesophageus] longitudinalis lateralis M. esophageus [oesophageus] longitudinalis ventralis M. bronchoesophageus [-oesophageus] M. pleuroesophageus [-oesophageus] (ca) Tela submucosa Tunica mucosa Lamina muscularis mucosae GI. esophageae [oesophageae] VENTRICULUS [GASTER] Facies parietalis Facies visceralis Curvatura ventriculi major Curvatura ventriculi minor Incisura angularis Pars cardiaca 54 Click on term to read footnote NOMINA ANATOMICA VETERINARIA (2005) SPLANCHNOLOGIA " Ostium cardiacum Incisura cardiaca Fundus ventriculi Saccus cecus [caecus] ventriculi (eq) Diverticulum ventriculi (su) Corpus ventriculi Sulcus ventriculi?! Pars pylorica Antrum pyloricum Canalis pyloricus Pylorus Ostium pyloricum Torus pyloricus (su, Ru) Proventriculus? Ruminoreticulum? Rumen Facies parietalis Facies visceralis Curvatura dorsalis Curvatura ventralis Extremitas cranialis Extremitas caudalis Atrium ruminis [Saccus cranialis] Saccus dorsalis Saccus cecus [caecus] caudodorsalis Saccus ventralis Recessus ruminis: Saccus cecus [caecus] caudoventralis Sulcus cranialis Sulcus caudalis Sulcus longitudinalis dexter Sulcus accessorius dexter Insula ruminis Sulcus longitudinalis sinister Sulcus accessorius sinister Sulcus coronarius dorsalis Sulcus coronarius ventralis Pila cranialis Pila caudalis Pila longitudinalis dextra Pila accessoria dextra Pila longitudinalis sinistra Pila accessoria sinistra Pila coronaria dorsalis Pila coronaria ventralis Ostium intraruminale” 23 Sulcus ruminoreticularis Plica ruminoreticularis Ostium ruminoreticulare Reticulum Facies diaphragmatica Facies visceralis Curvatura major Curvatura minor Fundus reticuli Sulcus reticuli Fundus sulci reticuli Labium dextrum Labium sinistrum Ostium reticulo-omasicum Omasum Corpus omasi Facies parietalis Facies visceralis Curvatura omasi Basis omasi Collum omasi Sulcus omasi” Canalis omasi?” Pila omasi Sulcus omasoabomasicus Ostium omasoabomasicum Abomasum Facies parietalis Facies visceralis Curvatura major Curvatura minor Fundus abomasi Corpus abomasi Sulcus abomasi” Pars pylorica Paries ventriculi Tunica serosa Tela subserosa Tunica muscularis Stratum longitudinale Fibrae ruminoreticuloabomasicae 55 Click on term to read footnote NOMINA ANATOMICA VETERINARIA (2005) SPLANCHNOLOGIA Fibrae obliquae externae Stratum circulare M. sphincter pylori Fibrae obliquae internae Ansa cardiaca” M. sphincter cardiae M. sphincter reticulo-omasicus Tela submucosa Tunica mucosa Pars glandularis Plicae gastricae Lamina muscularis mucosae Areae gastricae Sulci gastrici Plicae villosae Foveolae gastricae Glandulae cardiacae Glandulae gastricae [propriae] Glandulae pyloricae Lymphonoduli [Noduli lymphatici] gastrici? Pars nonglandularis* Margo plicatus (su, eg) Papillae ruminis Cellulae reticuli Cristae reticuli Papillae reticuli Papillae unguiculiformes (Ru) Laminae omasi Recessus interlaminares Papillae omasi Vela abomasica Plicae spirales abomasi INTESTINUM TENUE Tunica serosa Tela subserosa Tunica muscularis Stratum longitudinale Stratum circulare Tela submucosa Tunica mucosa Lamina muscularis mucosae Plicae circulares Villi intestinales Gil. intestinales Lymphonoduli [Noduli Iymphatici] solitarii? Lymphonoduli [Noduli lymphatici] aggregati? Duodenum Pars cranialis Ampulla duodeni Ansa sigmoidea (su, Ru, eg) Flexura duodeni cranialis Pars descendens Flexura duodeni caudalis Pars transversa [Pars caudalis] Pars ascendens Flexura duodenojejunalis Papilla duodeni major Papilla duodeni minor Gil. duodenales Jejunum Ileum? M. sphincter ilei Papilla ilealis Ostium ileale Frenulum papillae ilealis INTESTINUM CRASSUM Tunica serosa Tela subserosa Tunica muscularis Stratum longitudinale Stratum circulare Tela submucosa Tunica mucosa Lamina muscularis mucosae Gil. intestinales Lymphonoduli [Noduli lymphatici] solitarii” Lymphonoduli [Noduli lymphatici] aggregati? Cecum [Caecum] Basis ceci [caeci)”” Corpus ceci [caeci] Apex ceci [caeci] Curvatura ceci [caeci] major Curvatura ceci [caeci] minor Teniae ceci [Taeniae caeci] Tenia [Taenia] dorsalis Tenia [Taenia] ventralis 56 Click on term to read footnote NOMINA ANATOMICA VETERINARIA (2005) SPLANCHNOLOGIA Cartilago nasi lateralis ventralis Cartilago alaris Cornu (eg) Lamina (eq) Cartilago nasalis accessoria lateralis Cartilago nasalis accessoria medialis CAVUM NASI Nares Sulcus alaris Diverticulum nasi (eq) Choanae Septum nasi Cartilago septi nasi Processus caudalis Pars membranacea Pars ossea Organum vomeronasale Ductus vomeronasalis Cartilago vomeronasalis Ductus incisivus Vestibulum nasi Limen nasi Ostium nasolacrimale Plica alaris Plica recta Plica basalis Plica obliqua (Car) Plicae parallelae (Car) Concha nasalis dorsalis”* Septum conchae dorsalis (eq) Pars rostralis Pars caudalis Concha nasalis media Conchae ethmoidales Concha nasalis ventralis Septum conchae ventralis (eq) Pars rostralis Pars caudalis Pars dorsalis (su, Ru) Pars ventralis (su, Ru) Tunica mucosa nasi Regio respiratoria Regio olfactoria Gil. olfactoriae Gil. nasales Gil. nasalis lateralis Plexus cavernosi nasales Meatus nasi dorsalis Meatus nasi medius Meatus nasi ventralis Meatus nasi communis Meatus ethmoidales SINUS PARANASALES Sinus conchae dorsalis Bulla conchalis dorsalis Cellulae Sinus conchae mediae Sinus conchae ventralis Bulla conchalis ventralis Cellulae Sinus maxillaris Sinus maxillaris rostralis” Sinus maxillaris caudalis* Septum sinuum maxillarium Recessus maxillaris (Car) Apertura nasomaxillaris Apertura maxillopalatina (Ru) Apertura conchomaxillaris (eq) Sinus lacrimalis (su, Ru) Sinus palatinus Sinus frontalis” Sinus frontalis rostralis (ca) Sinus frontalis rostralis medialis (su, bo) Sinus frontalis rostralis intermedius (bo) Sinus frontalis rostralis lateralis (su, bo) Sinus frontalis medialis (ca, ov, cap) Sinus frontalis lateralis (ca, ov, cap) Sinus frontalis caudalis (su, bo) Aperturae sinuum frontalium Septa sinuum frontalium”” Lamellae intrasinuales”? Sinus conchofrontalis** Apertura frontomaxillaris (eq) Sinus sphenoidalis Septum sinuum sphenoidalium Apertura sinus sphenoidalis Sinus sphenopalatinus (eq) Cellulae ethmoidales LARYNX Prominentia laryngea 59 Click on term to read footnote NOMINA ANATOMICA VETERINARIA (2005) SPLANCHNOLOGIA Cartilagines laryngis” Cartilago thyroidea [thyreoidea] Lamina [dextra et sinistra] Incisura thyroidea [thyreoidea] rostralis Incisura thyroidea [thyreoidea] caudalis Linea obliqua Cornu rostrale Cornu caudale Fissura thyroidea [thyreoidea] Foramen thyroideum [thyreoideum] Facies articularis cricoidea Facies articularis hyoidea Articulatio thyrohyoidea [thyreo-] Capsula articularis thyrohyoidea [thyreo-] Membrana thyrohyoidea [thyreo-] Cartilago cricoidea Arceus cartilaginis cricoideae Lamina cartilaginis cricoideae Crista mediana Facies articularis arytenoidea [arytaenoidea] Facies articularis thyroidea [thyreoidea] Articulatio cricothyroidea [-thyreoidea] Capsula articularis cricothyroidea [-thyreoidea] Lig. cricothyroideum [-thyreoideum] Lig. cricotracheale Cartilago arytenoidea [arytaenoidea] Facies articularis Basis cartilaginis arytenoideae [arytaenoideae] Processus vocalis Facies lateralis Processus muscularis Crista arcuata Facies medialis Processus medialis Facies dorsalis Apex cartilaginis arytenoideae [arytaenoideae] Processus corniculatus Processus cuneiformis (ca) Cartilago interarytenoidea [-arytaenoidea] Cartilago sesamoidea*” Lig. arytenoideum [arytaenoideum] transversum Lig. arycomiculatum Articulatio cricoarytenoidea [-arytaenoidea] Capsula articularis cricoarytenoidea [-arytaenoidea] Lig. cricoarytenoideum [-arytaenoideum] Epiglottis Facies lingualis Facies laryngea Margines laterales Basis Apex Petiolus epiglottidis Cartilago epiglottica Processus cuneiformis (eq) Lig. thyroepiglotticum [thyreo-] Lig. hyoepiglotticum Musculi laryngis . cricothyroideus [-thyreoideus] . cricoarytenoideus [-arytaenoideus] dorsalis . cricoarytenoideus [-arytaenoideus] lateralis . thyroarytenoideus [thyreoarytaenoideus] M. ventricularis M. vocalis . thyroarytenoideus [thyreoarytaenoideus] accessorius (eq) ZERZE . hyoepiglotticus . tensor ventriculi laryngis (eq) . arytenoideus [arytaenoideus] transversus EEE E Cavum lar yngis Aditus laryngis Tuberculum cuneiforme Tuberculum comiculatum Plica aryepiglottica Incisura interarytenoidea [-arytaenoidea] Vestibulum laryngis Plica vestibularis Rima vestibuli Ventriculus laryngis* Recessus laryngis medianus Glottis Plica vocalis Rima glottidis Pars intermembranacea Pars intercartilaginea Cavum infraglotticum Tunica mucosa Click on term to read footnote NOMINA ANATOMICA VETERINARIA (2005) SPLANCHNOLOGIA Membrana fibroelastica laryngis Lig. vestibulare Lig. vocale Gil. laryngeae Lymphonoduli [Noduli lymphatici] laryngei” TRACHEA Pars cervicalis Pars thoracica Cartilagines tracheales Musculus trachealis Ligg. anularia [trachealia] Paries membranaceus Tela submucosa Gil. tracheales Tunica mucosa Bifurcatio tracheae Carina tracheae BRONCHI Arbor bronchalis”? Bronchus principalis [dexter et sinister] Bronchi lobares Bronchus trachealis (su, Ru) Bronchi segmentales Cartilagines bronchales*? Tela submucosa Gil. bronchales Tunica mucosa Lamina muscularis mucosae” Lymphonoduli [Noduli Iymphatici] bronchales* PULMO [DEXTER ET SINISTER] Basis pulmonis Apex pulmonis Facies costalis Facies medialis Pars vertebralis Pars mediastinalis Impressio cardiaca Impressio aortica Impressio esophagea [oesophagea] Sulcus venae cavae caudalis Facies diaphragmatica Facies interlobares Margo dorsalis [obtusus] Margo acutus Margo ventralis Margo basalis*! Hilus pulmonis Radix pulmonis Incisura cardiaca pulmonis dextri Incisura cardiaca pulmonis sinistri Lobus cranialis [pulm. dext.JÉ Pars cranialis Pars caudalis Lobus cranialis [pulm. sin Jé Pars cranialis [Culmen] Pars caudalis [Lingula] Lobus medius [pulm. dext.] Lobus caudalis* Lobus accessorius [pulm. dext.] Fissura interlobaris cranialis [pulm. dext.] Fissura interlobaris caudalis Segmenta bronchopulmonalia Segmenta dorsalia lobi cranialis Segmenta ventralia lobi cranialis Segmenta medialia lobi cranialis Segmenta lateralia lobi cranialis Segmenta lobi medii Segmenta dorsalia lobi caudalis Segmenta ventralia lobi caudalis Segmenta medialia lobi caudalis Segmenta lateralia lobi caudalis Segmentum accessorium Lobuli pulmonis Bronchuli? Bronchuli respiratorii Ductuli alveolares Sacculi alveolares Alveoli pulmonis CAVUM THORACIS Fascia endothoracica Cavum pleurae Pleura Cupula pleurae Pleura pulmonalis Pleura parietalis Pleura mediastinalis Pleura pericardiaca 61 Click on term to read footnote NOMINA ANATOMICA VETERINARIA (2005) SPLANCHNOLOGIA Prostata”! Facies ventralis Facies dorsalis Corpus prostatae Pars disseminata prostatae Lobus [dexter et sinister] Isthmus prostatae Parenchyma Ductuli prostatici Substantia muscularis Capsula prostatae Glandula bulbourethralis Ductus gl. bulbourethralis PARTES GENITALES MASCULINAE EXTERNAE Penis Radix penis Crus penis Corpus penis Dorsum penis Sulcus dorsalis penis Facies urethralis Sulcus urethralis Flexura sigmoidea penis (su, Ru) Pars libera penis Glans penis”? Processus dorsalis glandis (eq) Pars longa glandis (ca) Bulbus glandis (ca) Corona glandis Septum glandis Collum glandis Fossa glandis (eq) Sinus urethralis (eq) Preputium [Praeputium]” Lamina externa Raphe preputii [Rhaphe praeputii] Ostium preputiale [prae-] Cavum preputiale [prae-] Lamina intema Plica preputialis [prae-] (eq) Anulus preputialis [prae-] (eq) Diverticulum preputiale [prae-] (su) Frenulum preputii [prae-] Gil. preputiales [prae-] Lymphonoduli [Noduli Iymphatici] preputiales [prae-]? M. preputialis [prae-] cranialis M. preputialis [prae-] caudalis Raphe [Rhaphe] penis Corpus cavernosum penis Os penis Corpus spongiosum penis Corpus spongiosum glandis Bulbus penis Tuberculum spongiosum** Tunica albuginea corporum cavernosorum Lig. apicale penis (Ru) Tunica albuginea corporis spongiosi Septum penis Trabeculae corporum cavernosorum Trabeculae corporis spongiosi Cavernae corporum cavernosorum Cavernae corporis spongiosi Arteriae helicinae Venae cavernosae Fascia penis superficialis Fascia penis profunda Lig. suspensorium penis Lig. fundiforme penis Urethra masculina Pars pelvina Pars preprostatica [prae-] Pars prostatica Crista urethralis Colliculus seminalis Ostium ejaculatorium Uterus masculinus Sinus prostaticusé Stratum spongiosum Isthmus urethrae Pars penina“ Recessus urethralis (su, Ru) Fossa navicularis urethrae (su, eq) Processus urethrae Ostium urethrae extenum Tunica muscularis Tunica mucosa Lacunae urethrales Gil. urethrales Click on term to read footnote NOMINA ANATOMICA VETERINARIA (2005) SPLANCHNOLOGIA Scrotum Cutis scroti Raphe [Rhaphe] scroti Tunica dartos Septum scroti ORGANA GENITALIA FEMININA Ovarium Hilus ovarii Facies medialis Facies lateralis Margo liber Fossa ovarii (eq) Margo mesovaricus Extremitas tubaria Extremitas uterina Margo limitans peritonei [peritonaei] Epithelium superficiale Tunica albuginea Cortex ovarii [Zona parenchymatosa]” Medulla ovarii [Zona vasculosa]*” Stroma ovarii Folliculi ovarici primarii Folliculi ovarici vesiculosi Corpus luteum Corpus albicans Lig. ovarii proprium Epoóphoron Ductus epoúphori longitudinalis Ductuli transversi Appendices vesiculosae Paroóúphoron Tuba uterina Ostium abdominale tubae uterinae Infundibulum tubae uterinae Fimbriae tubae Fimbria ovarica Ampulla tubae uterinae Isthmus tubae uterinae Pars uterina Ostium uterinum tubae Tunica serosa Tela subserosa Tunica muscularis Tunica mucosa Plicae tubariae Uterus Uterus bicornis Comu uteri [dextrum et sinistrum] Margo mesometricus Margo liber ig. intercomnuale intercornuale dorsale (bo) Lig. intercornuale ventrale (bo) Corpus uteri Margo uteri [dexter et sinister] Facies dorsalis Cavum uteri Facies ventralis Velum uteriÉ Fundus uteri? Cervix uteri Portio prevaginalis [prae-] [cervicis] Portio vaginalis [cervicis] Ostium uteri internum Ostium uteri extenum Canalis cervicis uteri Plicae longitudinales Plicae circulares (Ru) Pulvini cervicales (su) Gil. cervicales Parametrium Tunica serosa [Perimetrium] Tela subserosa Tunica muscularis [Myometrium] Tunica mucosa [Endometrium] Carunculae” Gil. uterinae Lig. teres uteri Processus vaginalis peritonei [peritonaei]” Vagina Fornix vaginae Paries ventralis Paries dorsalis Hymen 65 Click on term to read footnote NOMINA ANATOMICA VETERINARIA (2005) SPLANCHNOLOGIA Ostium vaginae (Ductus deferens vestigialis) Tunica serosa Tela subserosa Tunica adventitia Tunica muscularis Tunica mucosa Rugae vaginales Lymphonoduli [Noduli lymphatici] vaginales” Vestibulum vaginae” Bulbus vestibuli Pars intermedia bulborum Gil. vestibulares minores GI. vestibularis major Diverticulum suburethrale (su, Ru) Tuberculum urethrale (ca) PARTES GENITALES FEMININAE EXTERNAE Pudendum femininum [Vulva]” Labium pudendi [vulvae] Commissura labiorum ventralis Commissura labiorum dorsalis Rima pudendi [vulvae] Clitoris Crus clitoridis Corpus clitoridis Glans clitoridis Sinus clitoridis? Frenulum clitoridis Preputium [Praeputium] clitoridis Fossa clitoridis”? Corpus cavernosum clitoridis Septum corporum cavernosorum Corpus spongiosum glandis (ca, eq) Fascia clitoridis Urethra feminina Ostium urethrae externum Tunica adventitia Tunica muscularis Tunica mucosa Stratum spongiosum Gil. urethrales Lacunae urethrales (Ductus paraurethrales) (Gill. paraurethrales) Crista urethralis PERINEUM” Raphe [Rhaphe] Musculi perinei Diaphragma pelvis M. levator ani M. iliocaudalis [-coccy geus] (Car) M. pubocaudalis [-coccy geus] (Car) (Arcus tendineus m. levatoris ani)” M. coccygeus Fascia diaphragmatis pelvis interna Fascia diaphragmatis pelvis externa M. sphincter ani externus Pars cutanea Pars superficialis Pars profunda Fascia pelvis Fascia pelvis parietalis Fascia obturatoria Arcus tendineus fasciae pelvis” Lig. pubovesicale Fascia pelvis visceralis Fascia prostatae Septum rectovaginale Septum perineale'é Centrum tendineum perinei [Corpus perinealeJ” M. urethralis” M. ischiourethralis M. bulboglandularis” Membrana perinei'* Lig. transversum perinei M. transversus perinei superficialis M. ischiocavernosus M. bulbospongiosus M. constrictor vestibuli M. constrictor vulvae M. retractor penis” M. retractor clitoridis” Pars analis 66 Click on term to read footnote NOMINA ANATOMICA VETERINARIA (2005) SPLANCHNOLOGIA Notes to Splanchnologia 1 Organum juxtaorale. This ductless and encapsulated epithelial cord is found in man, dog, cat, pig, and ox between M. temporalis and M. buccinator. It is grossly demonstrable in man only. 2 Rugae palatinae. This term is more accurate than Plicae palatinae (N.A.). 3 Pulvinus dentalis. This term adopted for the dental pad of Ruminantia. 4 Gl. zygomatica. Gl. orbitalis is not desirable because there are several other glands in the orbit and this one is ventral to the orbit. It occurs in Carnivora. 5 Gl. mandibularis. The prefix "sub-" is not appropriate for this gland in domestic mammals because a large part of it lies caudal to the mandible. 6 Corpus dentis. This term is applied to hypsodont teeth, in which the part covered by enamel is not homologous to the Corona dentis (anatomical crown) as defined for the brachydont tooth. The Corpus dentis includes all of the tooth except the Radix dentis. 7 Plica enameli, Crista enameli. The first term refers to an infolding of enamel from the side of a premolar or molar. The Cristae enameli are the free occlusal edges of the enamel layers of the worn tooth. 8 Corona clinica, Radix clinica. Corona clinica is the free part of the tooth that projects from the Gingiva. Radix clinica is the part of the tooth that is within the Gingiva and the Alveolus. 9 Facies contactus. Each tooth, except the last molar, has two Facies contactus, which are related to the adjacent teeth in the same dental arch. On the first incisor, the Facies mesialis is next to the median plane; on all other teeth it is directed toward the first incisor. The Facies distalis is the opposite surface. 10 Papillae marginales are present in newborn Carnivora and swine. 11 Cavum pharyngis. The parts of the pharynx in domestic animals do not correspond to those in man because of the long soft palate and the difference in the cervicocephalic angle. See also note 15. 12 Folliculi tonsillares, Lymphonoduli [Noduli lymphatici]. A tonsillar follicle is composed of a crypt, its orifice (the fossula), and its surrounding lymphatic tissue, which contains Lymphonoduli. Because the latter do not have a lumen, they are not called follicles in the N.A.V.orin the N.H. 13 Recessus pharyngeus, (Bursa pharyngea), Diverticulum pharyngeum. The Recessus in the horse is a median niche at the caudodorsal angle of the nasopharynx. In Artiodactyla it is divided by the pharyngeal tonsil. It is absent in Camnivora. Among domestic mammals the Bursa is an inconstant vestige occurring only in the horse, either as a tubular extension of the Recessus or as an independent evagination. The Diverticulum occurs only in the pig, on the dorsal surface of the beginning of the esophagus. 69 Click on term to read footnote NOMINA ANATOMICA VETERINARIA (2005) SPLANCHNOLOGIA 14 Arcus palatopharyngeus. The Arcus palatopharyngeus is a fold of mucosa extending from the lateral end of the free border of the Palatum molle to the caudal wall of the pharynx, where it is continuous with the contralateral arch. 15 Isthmus faucium, Pars oralis pharyngis, Fauces. The Isthmus faucium is the orifice between the Cavum oris and Pars oralis pharyngis. It is bounded laterally by the palatoglossal arches. The Pars oralis extends from the palatoglossal arch to the base of the epiglottis. In domestic mammals the cavity corresponding to the posterior part of the human Pars oralis, applied to the prevertebral fascia, is separated from the Pars oralis by the longer soft palate and belongs to the Pars nasalis. The Fauces form the part of the pharynx bounded laterally by the palatine tonsil and its surrounding structures.In domestic mammals the Pars oralis consists mainly of the Fauces. 16 Sinus tonsillaris, Fossa tonsillaris. The Sinus is the deep, narrow-mouthed cavity in the palatine tonsil of Ruminantia. The Fossa is the depression containing the palatine tonsil in Camnivora. 17 Plica semilunaris is a fold from the ventral surface of the lateral part of the soft palate. It forms the medial wall of the Fossa tonsillaris in Carnivora. 18 Mm. constrictores pharyngis rostrales. The muscles of the pharynx have been considered as individual muscles in all veterinary literature. M. palatopharyngeus is an important part of the Tunica muscularis pharyngis, although it is listed as a muscle of the soft palate. Functionally it is a rostral constrictor of the pharynx. M. stylopharyngeus rostralis is a rostral constrictor of the pharynx in Ruminantia. 19 M. stylopharyngeus caudalis. This is the only M. stylopharyngeus in species other than Ruminantia. 20M. hyopharyngeus [M. constrictor pharyngis medius]. The names of the subdivisions of the M.constrictor pharyngis medius in the N.A. have been omitted here because they cannot be reconciled with the nomenclature of the Os hyoideum in the N.A.V. The Pars chondropharyngea of the N.A. originates in part from the Comu minus, which is often cartilaginous in man. In the N.A.V. the Cornu minus is designated by the comparative anatomical term Ceratohyoideum. The Pars ceratopharyngea of the N.A. originates from the Comu majus, which in the N.A.V. is the Thyrohyoideum. 21 Sulcus ventriculi. In Ruminantia, the Sulcus ventriculi is divided by the Ostium reticulo- omasicum and Ostium omasoabomasicum into three segments: Sulcus reticuli, Sulcus omasi, and Sulcus abomasi. 22 Proventriculus, Ruminoreticulum. In Ruminantia the forestomach or Proventriculus is divided into three parts: the Rumen, Reticulum, and Omasum. The term Ruminoreticulum is required by the morphological and physiological unity of the two compartments. 23 Recessus ruminis. This is the cranial end of the Saccus ventralis. 24 Ostium intraruminale. This is the opening between Saccus dorsalis and Saccus ventralis. 25 Sulcus omasi, Canalis omasi. The Sulcus omasi is a part of the Sulcus ventriculi. It forms, in conjunction with the free borders of the Laminae omasi, the Canalis omasi. 70 Click on term to read footnote NOMINA ANATOMICA VETERINARIA (2005) SPLANCHNOLOGIA 26 Sulcus abomasi. This is the part of the Sulcus ventriculi along the interior surface of the Curvatura minor abomasi. 27 Ansa cardiaca is the loop of muscle that passes from one side of the Sulcus ventriculi around the cardia to the other side of the sulcus. 28 Pars nonglandularis is a part of the Tunica mucosa ventriculi that is covered by stratified squamous epithelium in Ungulata. 29 Ileum. This is defined in veterinary anatomical literature as the short terminal part of the small intestine to which the Plica ileocecalis is attached. In human anatomy the ratio of Jejunum to Ileum is given as ca. 2:3. 30 Basis ceci [caeci] occurs in the horse. Although the part of the Basis ceci cranial to the Papilla ilealis develops from the first part of the embryonic colon, it is conventionally included in the Basis ceci. 31 Columnae rectales. Ruminantia have Columnae rectales, but no Columnae anales. 32 Capsula fibrosa perivascularis. This term designates the connective tissue ensheathing the bile ducts and the branches of the hepatic artery and portal vein within the liver; it was formerly known as Glisson's capsule. 33 Ampulla hepatopancreatica, M. sphincter ampullae. An Ampulla hepatopancreatica is formed at the orifices of the bile and pancreatic ducts in the cat and horse. In the sheep and goat the bile and pancreatic ducts unite before they reach the duodenum. Although it is not independent of the duodenal musculature as it is in man, a tract of muscle fibers passes around the ampulla in the cat, or the common hepatopancreatic duct in the sheep and goat, or the terminal part of both ducts in the dog and horse. These fibers are designated M. sphincter ampullae hepatopancreaticae. 34 Concha nasalis dorsalis. This structure in domestic mammals is not homologous to the superior concha of man. 35 Sinus maxillaris rostralis, caudalis. The horse has two maxillary sinuses on each side, each with its own nasomaxillary opening. n Click on term to read footnote NOMINA ANATOMICA VETERINARIA (2005) SPLANCHNOLOGIA 59 Mesepididymis, Lig. caudae epididymidis, Bursa testicularis [Sinus epididymalis]. These terms were selected to show the relation between male and female structures. Male Female Mesepididymis Mesosalpinx Lig. testis proprium Lig. ovarii proprium Lig. caudae epididymidis Lig. teres uteri Bursa testicularis [Sinus epididymalis] Bursa ovarica 60 Processus vaginalis peritonei. This is a fetal evagination of the peritoneum into the inguinal canal. In males it becomes the Tunica vaginalis after the descent of the Testis. In females the Processus vaginalis is often present in the dog and rarely in the cat. 61 Prostata. A Corpus prostatae is present in all species except the sheep and goat, but the term is seldom applied to Carnivora and the horse, where the rest of the gland, the Pars disseminata, is rudimentary or absent. The Corpus prostatae is composed of right and left lobes and an Isthmus in the horse, and is partially divided into right and left lobes in Camivora. 62 Glans penis. This is the cushion outside the Tunica albuginea corporum cavernosorum at the apex of the penis. It may be predominantly vascular (Car, eq), predominantly fibrous (Ru), or practically absent (su). It may involve most of the Pars libera (eq), more than the Pars libera (ca), all of the Pars libera (fe), or only a small part of the Pars libera (Ru). 63 Preputium. The prepuce is a fold, consisting of a Lamina externa and a Lamina interna, continuous at the Ostium preputiale. The Lamina interna terminates at its attachment to the penis. The term Lamina penis preputii of veterinary textbooks has been omitted because it denoted nothing more than the skin of the Pars libera penis. 64 Tuberculum spongiosum. This is a rounded process of the Corpus spongiosum on the left ventral side of the free end of the penis in the sheep. The term Tuberculum glandis is not suitable because it is not on the glans. 65 Sinus prostaticus is the recess between the Colliculus seminalis and the urethral wall. 66 Pars penina. This was called Pars cavernosa in the B.N.A. and Pars spongiosa in the N.A. and N.A.V., 1983. These names did not differentiate the penile part of the Urethra masculina from its Pars pelvina, which has a Stratum spongiosum in domestic mammals. 67 Cortex ovarii, Medulla ovarii. In the adult mare, the parenchymatous zone, containing the follicles, is central and the vascular zone is peripheral, a distribution that invalidates the terms Cortex and Medula. 68 Velum uteri is the median partition formed by the fusion of the medial walls of the uterine horns in Carnivora and Artiodactyla. 69 Fundus uteri. This is a useful term for the cranial end of the body of the uterus in the mare. 70 Carunculae. This is the term for the maternal parts of the placentomes. Cotyledon, the fetal portion of the placentome, is listed in Nomina Embryologica Veterinaria. 74 Click on term to read footnote NOMINA ANATOMICA VETERINARIA (2005) SPLANCHNOLOGIA 71 Vestibulum vaginae, Pudendum femininum [Vulva]. The human vestibule is so shallow that it is included with the external genitalia in the N.A. In domestic mammals, where it is much longer, itis not an external organ and is therefore not included in the Pudendum femininum. 72 Sinus clitoridis, Fossa clitoridis. In the mare the Frenulum clitoridis is represented by an adhesion of the dorsal surface of the Glans to the vestibular wall of the Preputium. Three clitoral sinuses open on the dorsal surface of the Glans near the Frenulum. The median sinus occupies the central part of the Glans, whereas the lateral sinuses are shallow and inconstant. Other sinuses may occur ventral to the Glans. The Fossa clitoridis is the preputial cavity. It surrounds the Glans except at the Frenulum. 73 Perineum, Centrum tendineum perinei [Corpus perineale]. The Perineum is the part of the body wall that covers the Apertura pelvis caudalis and surrounds the anal and urogenital canals. The Centrum tendineum perinei is the fibromuscular node in the median plane between the anus and the vulva or the bulb of the penis, where the following muscles converge and are attached: M. sphincter ani externus, M. bulbospongiosus, ventral termination of M. levator ani, and M. transversus perinei superficialis. 74 (Arcus tendineus m. levatoris ani), a tendinous reinforcement of the Fascia obturatoria from the Symphysis pelvina to the Spina ischiadica at the origin of M. levator ani. It has been demonstrated in Ruminantia and the horse. 75 Arcus tendineus fasciae pelvis is a thickening of the Fascia diaphragmatis pelvis interna along the ventral border of M. levator ani where the Septum rectovaginale is attached in Ruminantia and the horse. 76 Septum perineale is a quadrilateral sheet of fascia between the vestibule and the external anal sphincter in the mare. It is attached to the dorsal wall of the vestibule deep to M. constrictor vulvae and extends dorsocranially to its attachment on the Pars rectalis m. retractoris clitoridis and the rectum. The ventral part of M. levator ani terminates on its craniolateral angle, and M. constrictor vestibuli originates from its lateral border. 77 M. bulboglandularis. This is a general term for the striated muscle covering the bulbourethral glands, whether it is derived from M. urethralis, M. ischiourethralis, or M. bulbospongiosus. 78 Membrana perinei. This term replaces the previous term Fascia diaphragmatis urogenitalis externa. 79 M. retractor penis, clitoridis. This muscle originates from the last sacral or first few caudal vertebrae. Its Pars analis (Car) terminates dorolaterally on the anus. The Pars rectalis, inconstant in the dog, is well developed only in the horse where it was formerly called the suspensory ligament of the anus or ventrale Mastdarmschleife. 80 M. longitudinalis perinei cutaneus, M. sphincter labiorum cutaneus. These muscles were demonstrated in the female cat and dog. The first consists of fine fibers that extend from the anus to the vulva just under the skin. The second lies between M. constrictor vulvae and the skin. 75 Click on term to read footnote NOMINA ANATOMICA VETERINARIA (2005) SPLANCHNOLOGIA 81 Bursa omentalis. The bursa is the omental cavity as a whole. It is the lesser peritoneal sac, which communicates with the greater peritoneal sac through the omental foramen. The vestibule is a part f the bursa. The Recessus dorsalis is a minor diverticulum of the vestibule. It extends between the diaphragm and the liver and between the esophagus and the caudal vena cava. The Recessus caudalis is the cavity enclosed by the greater omentum. The passage between the vestibule and the caudal recess is the Aditus ad recessum caudalem. 82 Velum omentale (ca). This sagittal membrane connects Paries profundus of Omentum majus with the left surface of Mesocolon descendens. It has a free caudal border. 83 Mesovarium. The Mesovarium proximale extends from the body wall to the Mesosalpinx; the Mesovarium distale extends from the Mesosalpinx to the ovary and forms part of the wall of the Bursa ovarica. 84 Glandula parathyroidea [-thyreoidea]. The variation in the number and position of the parathyroid glands in domestic mammals makes it necessary to add the numbers IV and II to indicate their origin from the epithelium of the fourth or third pharyngeal pouch. 76 Click on term to read footnote
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